【摘要】 以进化程度不同的三种类型大豆四个品种配制的三种杂交组合F₂至F₄代为材料,采用系谱法、摘荚法及5％、10％、25％入选率的混合选择法按共同目标进行定向选择,以比较不同处理方法的选择效应及其对主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明:（1）在野生或半野生组合中,摘荚法或25％混合选择法选的材料成熟略晚2～3日,平均百粒重较小;而在栽培组合中系谱法或5％混合选择法选的材料有成熟略晚、种粒较大倾向。25％混选法或摘荚法选的材料植株较高,其次是10％混选法,5％混选法及系谱法入选材料较矮。在半野生组合中,采用10％混选法易于选取株高适宜、主茎节数多的大粒型材料。植株抗倒伏性的选择效果与株高相似。炸荚性不是一个难以克服的性状,各种选择方法的选择效果均十分相近。产量性状的选择效果差异不显著。在半野生组合中,10％、25％混选法及摘荚法选的材料蛋白质含量较高。（2）摘荚法及25％混选法选的材料性状变异较大,其次为10％混选法。（3）生育期、株高、抗倒伏性及百粒重的实际遗传进度均以系谱法、5％及10％混选法较大,产量性状的遗传进度差异不明显。由此可见,不同选择处理方法对不同组合类型材料的不同性状选择效果不尽相同,因此针对不同杂交组合类型材料的不同性状应运用不同的选择方法及选择强度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Progenies of F2 to F4 generations of crosses among three obviously differenttypes of soybeans were made for selection by following methods; pedigree, pick-pod and massselection under 5%, 10%, 25% selection intensities with similar selection purposes. The objectiveof the study was to compare the effectiveness of different selection methods.The experimental results showed that: (1) In the cross containing wild or semi-wild soybean parent,materials obtained from SSD or 25% mass selection method seemed to mature 2~3day later, and 100-seed weight averaged relatively smaller. In the cross between two cultivatedsoybeans, materials produced by pedigree or 5% mass selection method seemed to mature 2~3day later, and 100-seed weight averaged relatively larger. Plant height of the materials selectedby 5% mass selection or pedigree method averaged shorter and that of the materials from 10%、25% mass selection and SSD method were taller. In the cross between semi-wild and cultivatedsoybeans, 10% mass selection produced materials with highest number of nodes on main stem,largest 100-seed weight and medium plant height. The extent of lodging index varied greatlywith methods,and the selection result was similar to that of plant height. No significant differences were found in pod-splitting resistance, number of pods、 seeds and yield per plant amongthe materials developed by the different methods. Mean protein contents revealed that 10%,25% mass selection and SSD method were equally successful, and all of them were better than5% mass and pedigree methods. (2) The materials selected by 25% mass or SSD method wasgreatly larger in the coefficient of variability of traits in F4 generation than the other three methods , informing that utilizing relatively high selection intensity was apt to prompt segregating population to produce the needed trait types rapidly. (3) Materials selected by pedigree method,, 5%and 10% mass selection showed faster genetic advance on growth period, plant height, lodging-resistance and 100-seed weight than that by other two selection methods. However, there wereno significant differences on genetic advance in pods, seeds and yield per plant. So different selection methods and intensities should be used for different characters of different types of soybeancrosses.更多还原