【摘要】 采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术研究了山羊草属cpDNA的遗传变异性。用改良的“高盐低pH法”提取了15种山羊草材料和一种二粒小麦的叶绿体DNA,并建立了重复性较好的RAPD标准分析条件。在此标准条件下,检测了16个材料叶绿体DNA的多态性。经10个引物扩增,在得到的64个片段中,有6个片段是16个材料共有的,多态性达90％。聚类分析结果显示,关系较近的有小亚山羊草和欧山羊草,粘果山羊草和易变山羊草,高大山羊草和拟斯卑尔脱山羊草以及偏凸山羊草和粗山羊草。粗山羊草种内叶绿体DNA存在着一定程度的变异性。本研究将16个材料的cpDNA分成10个类型,与前人用限制性内切酶对cpDNA的分类结果基本吻合。不同的是本研究认为关系较密切的高大山羊草和拟斯卑尔脱山羊草叶绿体DNA类型不同,而小伞山羊草却与具有相同cpDNA类型的其它山羊草种关系较远。更多还原

【Abstract】 Good quality cpDNAs were extracted from 15 accessions of 13 Aegilop speciesand one accession of T. dicoccoides Korn by using "high salt-low pH" method. Our primarystudy showed that the template concentration (from 25 ng to 100 ng)has little effect on RAPDpatterns and non-specific bands were observed when DNA polymerase(Tag) with very high concentration was used. Reproducible amplification products were obtained with rigorously optimizedreaction conditions. Sixty-four amplified fragments were generated by RAPD with 10 primers,among which 6 fragments were shared by all 16 accessions. The degree of polymorphism wasquite high(90%). The cluster analysis using UPGMA indicated that Ae. columnaris Zhuk andAe. biuncialis, Ae. kotschyi Boiss and Ae. variabilis Eig, Ae. longissma and Ae. speltoidesTausch, Ae. ventricosa Tausch and Ae. squrrosa L. are much more closely related. Intraspecificvariation of cpDNAs was found in Ae. squrrosa. cpDNAs from the 16 accessions were classifiedinto 10 types based on RAPDs. The relationships among the studied species are in good agreement with most of those suggested by other researchers by using RFLPs. However, the presentstudy found that the relationships between Ae. longissma and Ae. speltoides, Ae. umbellulataand other Aegilops species with 3 type plastome have slight difference from the previous studies.Finally, the phylogenetic relationships of Aegilops and some characteristics of RAPD were discussed.更多还原