【摘要】 在祁连山水源涵养林区，围绕水源林生态系统结构与功能的动态变化，开展了森林小气候、森林水文生态效应的研究。结果表明，祁连山水源涵养林不仅具有拦蓄降水、缩小温差、保持较高土壤湿度等作用，而且具有十分显著的消洪补枯、涵养水源、保持水土的水文生态作用。森林覆被率６５％的流域比３２％的流域年枯水径流量增加２８８７ｍｍ，年洪水径流量减少９８８７ｍｍ；森林土壤贮水２９８１２～３９１９３ｍｍ，草地仅１８２０９ｍｍ；林地很少产生地表径流，草地年土壤流失量１７９３９ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２；高寒山区多年冻土与季冻土致使试验区河川径流系数高达０７３，蒸散较小为１５６５４ｍｍ；多年监测资料显示祁连山林分质量下降，冰川退缩，河川径流逐年减少，生态环境明显恶化，建议各级政府部门高度重视祁连山生态保护问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the dynamic changes of the structure and function of water conservation forest ecosystems in Qilian Mountains, making studies on forest microclimate and hydrological effect. The result shows that the water conservation forest in Qilian Mountains not only has the function of blocking and storing precipitation,reducing temperature range,keeping more soil humidity,but also has the hydrological effect of soil and water-source conservation. The annual low flow runoff volume increased 28.87mm in forest coverage of 65 percent than of 32 percent, but annual flood runoff volume reduced 98.87mm. Water storage in forest soil is from 298.32mm to 391.93mm, but 182.09mm in glassland. The surface runoff seldem forms in forest land. The annual soil loss is 1793.9kg/hm 2 in grassland. Perennial and seasonal frozen earth make the runoff coefficient is 0.73 in frigid mountion area,the fewer evaporation is 156.54mm. Many years’ monitoring data shows in Qilian Mountain the quality of stand is declining, the glacier is shrinking back,the runoff volume is reducing every year,the ecologic environment is worsening. So we suggest that goverment departments at different levels should think highly of the problem of ecologic protection in Qilian Mountains. \ \更多还原