【摘要】 通过在蒸馏水中0～10℃条件下，在含Cu、Co、Ni和有机质溶液以及不同底质的合成海水中（常温常压）合成锰矿物。结果得出，初始锰矿物是黑锰矿；控制锰矿物形成的条件是，除必要的物质来源外，起决定作用的是形成环境的酸碱度和氧化还原电位。在含硅质粘土和钙质软泥的试管中产生三层沉淀物：上部层主要是菲细粒（粒径0．5～1.5μm）黑锰矿，中间层为菲细粒黑锰矿和黑锰矿微结核（粒径5.8～43.5μm），下部层分别为含黑锰矿微结核的硅质粘土和钙质软泥。有的实验中在硅质粘土或钙质软泥上面形成一层厚度为20～33μm黑锰矿结壳。这种结壳上表面的突起和埋藏型结核的表面相似，下表面的小突起里定向排列。更多还原

【Abstract】 Manganese minerals were synthesized in distilled water at 0- 10℃and in synthetic sea water containing Ni,Co,Cu solutions,organic matter and different sediments under normal atmospheric temperature and pressure. Experimental results show that primary manganese mineral is hausmannite and controlling conditions of manganese mineral formation are,besides essential material source,pH and Eh in the formation environment.Three layers of sediment were formed in the tubes containing siliceous clay and calcareous ooze after experiments: the upper layer containing very fine hausmannite(0. 5- 1. 5μm); the middle layer,very fine hausmannite and hausmannite micronodules (5. 6 - 43. 5μm in diameter); and the lower layer,siliceous clay and calcareous ooze containing hausmannite micronodules. Some experiments showed that on the surface of the siliceous clay layer or calcareous ooze layer there is also a thin crust of hausmannite 20- 33 μm thick. The features of the upper and lower surfaces of this crust are that the mammilia on its upper surface are similar to the surface’s of the buried nodule type,and the mammilia on the lower surface are arranged in orientation.更多还原