【摘要】 针对低平原区干旱缺水,冬小麦生长发育受气候波动影响较大、产量低而不稳的特点,根据34年历史气候资料,划分了不同气候年型和小麦气候年型,并通过田间试验确定了不同气候年型的小麦生长发育的生态适应性指标,不同时段降雨年型底墒水量、春一水时期和全生育期不同降雨年型灌溉定额的节水灌溉指标,以气候条件、小麦生长发育和土壤水分为基础的肥、水、种管理指标;明确了气候变异、小麦生长发育、麦田水分消耗和应变栽培措施间的定量关系;提出了小麦生育与气候节律相吻合的宏观管理策略;制定出保证群体发育规模、稳定提高粒重与实现节水的应变栽培技术体系;并借助计算机技术,首次把应变措施和风险决策相结合,编制出小麦决策管理应用软件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Winter wheat is one of the most important crops in Hebei Lowland Plain. Serious water shortage, small rainfall during growth perioud and big meteorological variation caused winter wheat yield fluctuation. Based on large amount of experiments and analysis of the agricultural meteorological variation regulations, the water-saving management for high and stable yield of winter wheat and high water use efficiency under defferent meteorological years was studied at Hebei Lowland Plain. The key techniques were as following: The plant population was opmized by adjusting sowing date, rates and fertilizer application. If the plant population before winter was over 900/m2, the first irrigation in spring (FIP) was delayed to booting stage;The irrigation water amount for making soil moisture before sowing was determined by the current soil moisture and rainfall; If the rainfall from sowing to booting was over 50 mm, FIP was delayed to shooting stage, if over 70 mm, FIP was delayed after shooting; The total irrigation quota for winter wheat in this area was 120 mm in sufficient rainfall years, 180 mm in dry years. The irrigation water amount was 60 mm once; the supplement irrigation was needed in late growth stages. It was neccesary in kernel filling stage.更多还原