【摘要】 根据中国主要湖泊和水库近期调查及文献资料的收集、整理和分析，中国湖泊水库当前的主要水环境问题是：（1）水质污染日益严重；（2）富营养化问题较为突出；（3）湖库面积有缩小的趋势；（4）水库泥沙淤积严重；（5）部分湖泊含盐量不断上升，并根据上述问题产生原因的分析，提出了防治对策和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Great environmental changes have been witnessed in China’s lakes and reservoirs during the past years. According to the data revealed in recent investigations as well as the references available, at least five aspects could be pointed out in view of the main water environmental problems,i. e. common water quality deterioration, especially pollution; overwhelming eutrophication;shrinking lake area; heavy deposition in reservoirs; and higher salinity in some inland lakes. The increasing nutrient-rich inflow is one of the main causes of pollution and eutrophication in China’s lakes and reservoirs. More and more pollutants/nutrients from industrial. agricultural. domestic sources have been added in. The wastewater treatment in urban areas lags far behind the economic growth. As a result, the has leen made unbalanced in some basins.The shrinkage of lakes and resevvoirs in South China results from heavy intake deposit and reclamation by human activities in the past years. In the North and North west Chlna. theshrinkage of lake area usually has taken place with water of higher salinity. The accelerated glob-al warming-up dominates a dryer climate in inland China, resulting’m more evaporation and lessprecipitation. Still, inflow with low salinity to the lakes is more or less blocked away in ordel’ tomeet the needs of human activities. especially economic development.There are many heavily sediment-ladden rivers in monsoon areas of South China. while inNorth China the Loess Plateau and/or-loess-rich areas provides a steady source of deposits to theriver. Heavy sediment available makes much of the reservoirs a real pool of deposit. That thesedimentatlon condition was not fully considered in the planning of the reservoir bt1ilding worsellsthe sitation i11 some reservoirs.In order to change the environmental status quo in China’s lakes and reservoirs and the cor-responding basins, some immeediate measures must be takell. 1 ) Guide wastewater discharge andoperate more wastewater treatment plants. 2) Apply reasonable fertilizers; restrict usil1g phos-phate-containing detergents1 encotlrage ecological fish farming. 3) Initialize water/soil conserva-tion projects in the upper and middIe reaches- 4) Harmonize between utilization and resotlrcesprotection i11 inland areas; take every step to mitigate the salinization process. 5) Emp1oy careft1lplanning before and effective managent after reservoir built. 6) Strengthen pollution contro1 andRarnessing within water bodies, such as ecologicaI engineering aquatic macrophyttes restoratiol1.sludge-dredging in certain districts, etc. 7) Enhance integrated enviro11mental management in’the whole basin.更多还原