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太湖地区高产稻田氮肥施用与作物吸收利用的研究

APPLICATION AND CROP RECOVERY OF N-FERTILIZER IN HIGH-YIELDING PADDY FIELDS OF TAIHU REGION

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【作者】 李伟波吴留松廖海秋

【Author】 Li Weibo;Wu Liusong and Liao Haqiu (Institute of Soil Science,Academia Sinica,Nanjing 210008)

【机构】 中国科学院南京土壤研究所!210008

【摘要】 本文讨论长期高量偏施氮素化肥的高产稻田氮肥施用与作物产量、作物对养分吸收利用之间的关系。研究结果表明:化学氮肥施用量(养分量,下同)300kg/ha·yr.,作物增产显著,每公斤氮增产13.5kg粮食,氮素利用率达40.3%,省肥、经济、合理;施用量达450kg/ha·yr.,作物产量增长甚微;施用量达600kg/ha·yr.,每公斤氮只增产7.29kg粮食,氮肥利用率降至17.2%,水稻茎秆中含氮量大幅度增加,空秕率上升,千粒重下降,产量降低。太湖地区高产稻田目前稻麦产量为10-12t/ha水平时,氮素化肥施用量平均控制在375kg/ha·yr。左右为宜。与大面积生产相比,可节省氮肥20—30%。

【Abstract】 Currently, in the Taihregion, the application of N fertilizer in the high-yieding paddy fields of ricewheat double cropping system averages around 520kg N per hectare per year.Experiments for years shewed that N fertilization at a rate of 300kg N per hectare per year increased the crop yield significantly by 13.5kg of grain per kg of N applied, with the N recovery rate reaching 40.3%; but the increase was not significant at a rate of 450kg N, and 7.29kg of grain was increased by per kg of N applied with the N recovery rate dropping to 17.2% at a rate of 600kg N per hectare per year.In the last case, the N content in rice straws and sterility grain rate went up while the thousand-grain weight and the yield declined. Consequently, at the current yield level of 10-12 ton per hectare on the high yielding paddy field, the N fertilization rate was recommended to be at 375kg N per hectare per year, which could save 20-30% N-fertilizer as compared with the rate for large-area production.

【基金】 中国科学院“八五”重点课题!Z084号的研究
  • 【文献出处】 土壤学报 ,ACTA PEDOLOGICA SINICA , 编辑部邮箱 ,1997年01期
  • 【分类号】S143
  • 【被引频次】176
  • 【下载频次】337
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