【摘要】 对控制生物气成藏的诸项地质因素进行了探讨，取得了如下认识：①产甲烷菌的大量繁殖是生物气富集的关键因素，其适宜的地球化学环境为缺氧、缺硫酸根、中—中高温、较低矿化度的近中性水介质环境；②Ⅰ、Ⅱ型有机质的最佳生气温度为３５～４０℃，Ⅲ型有机质的最佳生气温度为４０～５０℃；③有机质生气潜力按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型干酪根的顺序依次降低；④提出了生物气的赋存相态模式，自上而下生物气的赋存运移相态为游离态—水溶态—游离态，解释了生物气在深度上的分布规律；⑤产生物气地层具有高孔渗特征，生物气要成藏需有厚的泥岩盖层封盖保存；⑥生物气成藏是所生天然气不断生成聚集和不断纵向散失达到相对平衡的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through a discussion on the geological factors controlling biogas reservoir formation,the following results are obtained:①the massive propagation of methane generating bacteriuam is the key factor for biogas enrichment,and the suitable geochemical environment is the anoxic SO 4 2 —poor temperature and near neutral environment with middle to middle high lower salinity;②the optimum temperature for gas generation of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ organic matter is 35～40℃,and that of type Ⅲ organic matter is 40～45℃;③the gas generation potential of organic matter reduces in the order of type Ⅰ type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ;④the phase state of biogas migration is free state aqueous state free state from top to bottom;⑤Rocks producing biogases are of the Characteristics of high porosity and high permeadility,and biogas reservoir must be covered by thick shale caprocks;⑥biogas reservoir is formed by the relative equilibrium of constant generation and accumulation gas and vertical scatting of natural gas.更多还原