【摘要】 分析讨论了季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦在产生季风逆风流的必要条件和间接逆风流诊断判据中的作用；应用季风逆风流必要条件和间接逆风流诊断判据，解释冬季风和夏季风逆风流是如何产生的。结果表明：季风风应力是产生季风逆风流的主导因素；冬季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦三者联合作用导致表层海水在大陆坡上产生辐合生成高水位带和高动力高度带，在大陆被北侧产生NE向的冬季逆风流，南侧产生SW向顺风流；夏季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦三者联合作用导致表层海水在大陆坡上产生辐散生成低水位带和低动力高度带，在大陆被北侧产生SW向的夏季逆风流，南侧产生NE向的顺风流；冬季风盛行期间，风致经巴士海峡流入南海的黑潮水，将加速冬季逆风流的形成，加大冬季逆风流的强度；夏季风盛行期间，风应力的作用使巴上海峡以东的黑潮水不能进入南海，即使别的原因令巴上海峡以东的黑潮水流入南海，但高温、高盐的黑潮水对夏季逆风流具有阻扼作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of monsoon wind stress, continental slope topology andbottom friction as essential conditions to form monsoon upwind flow and as diagnosticcriteria are discussed. By application of the essential conditions and diagnostic criteria,the formations of the winter monsoon upwind flow (WMUF) and summer monsoonupwind flow (SMUF) are interpreted- The results indieate that the monsoon windstress is the main factor in the formation of monsoon upwind flow (MUF). Thecombined effects of winter monsoon wind stress, continental slope topology andbottom fuction caused convergence of surface water in the continental slope, forminghigh elevation and high dynamic height belts. In the north of the continental slopeappears a NE direction WMUF, while in the south a SW direction winter downwindflow (WDF). The combined effects of summer monsoon wind stress, continental slopetopography and bottom friction caused divergence of surface water in the continentalslope, forming low elevation and low dynamic height belts. In the north of thecontinental slope appears a SW direction SMUF, and in the south a NE directionsummer downwind flow (SDF). During the winter monsoon, the prevailing wind drivesKuroshio water that passes through Bashi Strait into South China Sea, speeding theformation and increasing the strength of WMUF. In surnmer, due to wind stress, theKurshio east of Bashi Strait can not enter South China Sea. Even if the Kuroshioeast of Bashi Strait can enter South China Sea by other means, the high temperamreand salinity of the Kuroshio will hinder SMUF.更多还原