【摘要】 本文系台湾中正大学成人及继续教育研究所所长胡梦鲸先生在“’97海峡两岸暨香港终生学习学术研讨会”上的发言,深受与会者好评。本刊特发此文以飨读者。限于版面,本期刊载“前言”、“终生学习思想兴起的社会背景”和“终生学习的意义及其与传统学习观的对比”三个部分;下期将刊载“学校教育目的与角色的调整”、“学校教育重建的结构性转变”和“结束语”三个部分。请作者、读者见谅。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern lifelong education idea dates from the 20’s of this century, but only in and after 1960’ s and 1970’ s it really became a new education model and a movement affecting the development of education in all countries around the world and remains dominant till now. Together with the development of lifelong e-ducation idea, ideas about lifelong learning and conception of a learning society are also progressing. The principal aims of this paper are first to analyze the social background against which the lifelong learning idea has risen, then try to acquire a better understanding of the meaning of lifelong learning and make a comparison with conventional learning ideas, finally try to probe into some problems about school education reform from a viewpoint of lifelong learning for future school education to better satisfy the needs of lifelong learning and a learning society. (Editor’s notes: This issue carries only the first two sections of this article in view of the length, the last one will be carried on the first issue of 1998.)When discussing social background against which the lifelong learning idea has risen, the author sums up the development experience of western industrialized countries and concludes that the following six social factors are the major reasons for the emergence of the ideas of lifelong education and lifelong learning:——Continuous expansion of world population. The world population in 1920 s was 2 billion (ie 2thousand million); but over half a century in 1970’s it rose by 100% to 4 billion; after that, the world population has been increasing by 1 billion per decade. It is estimated that in 2022 it will rise to 8 billion, one time of 1970’ s, four times of 1920’ s and eight times of 1 billion at the beginning of last century. The direct impact of the sharp rise in population on lifelong learning is creating demand for more education opportunities and spurring lifelong education on to democracy ,popularity and equality.——Accelerated progress of information technology. At the end of this century information technology is not only in a rapidly changing state, but is transforming at an accelerating rate. The appearance of Internet not only quickens the transmission and accumulation of information, but has already exerted an enormous influence upon various learning modes.——Unceasing human life-time dilatation. Because of advanced medicine and hygiene causes, moreleisure and sports time and the change of nutrition and health ideas, human life expectancy is uninterruptedly prolonged nowadays. As a result, the society is prompted to pay more attention to lifelong learning of the aged.——Thorough change of social forms including household structure, way of life, human intercourse,consumers’ habits, etc. Compared with traditional social forms, the striking change of the current social forms is altering from production orientation to consumer orientation. The consumer has more and more chances to participate and make a choice in production process, and consumer culture is taking shape.——Gradually increasing leisure time. As manpower is gradually superseded by modern scientificand technical inventions and production efficiency and output are largely raised, the spare time of laborersis increasing relatively. This is an important factor to prompt the development of a learning society.Remarkable, steep rise in educational demand. Under the influences of the above five factors, demand for education is obviously growing sharply. This demand, covering the whole life’ s journey from birth till death, shows different people at different stages of life have different educational demand which should be met through learning activities.When discussing the meaning of lifelong learning and the contrast with conventional learning ideas, the author defines lifelong learning as follows: lifelong learning is a course of learning including various formal or informal learning activities throughout the whole life’ s journey aiming to achieve the goal of exploiting personal potential, raising living quality and prompti更多还原