【摘要】 利用近３０年（１９６１～１９９０年）的气象资料，分析了甘肃黄土高原半干旱区内，春、冬小麦理论需水量（ＥＴｍ）、有效降雨量（ＥＰ）、水分亏缺量（ＷＤ）、水分亏缺指数（ＷＤＩ１）和小麦生长时间（ｄ）之间的数理关系；对半干旱区小麦气候水分亏缺特征进行了系统的研究，建立了小麦气候水分亏缺模型和指标。研究结果表明，春、冬小麦水分亏缺最严重的时期均为拔节—抽穗期，其次为抽穗—成熟期；春、冬小麦理论需水量和有效降雨量同小麦生长时间均成抛物线型关系，水分亏缺量同有效降雨量和生长时间分别成对数和抛物线型关系；水分亏缺指标ＷＤＩ１可较好地反映小麦干旱的状况，它同水分亏缺量成双曲函数关系更多还原

【Abstract】 By use of the climatic information,of semi arid region of Gansu Loess Plateau for about 30 years(1961￣1990),the relationships between theoretic water requirement (ETm) ,efficient precipitation( EP ),quantity of water deficit( WD ),water deficit index (WDI 1) and the growth time(d)of spring and winter wheat were analyzed.The characteristics of climatic water deficit for spring and winter wheats in the region were systematically researched and the climatic water deficit models and indices were established.The results indicated that the most serious period of water deficit consists in the period of jointing to heading and the second serions period in the period of heading to maturity for spring and winter wheats.The relationships between ETm,EP and days are all parabolic functions, WD and EP as well as WD and wheat growth days are respectively logarithmic and parabolic functions.The water deficit index of WD1 can better reflect the condition of wheat aridity, and it has the relation of hyperbolic function with WD .更多还原