【摘要】 利用等温密封热解实验技术及恒速升温热解实验与PY—GC分析技术的结合,本文分别建立并标定了原油中各族组分,即饱和烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质成气的化学动力学模型。结果表明,原油中不同族组分成气的过程均可用平行一级反应描述,但不同组分在平均活化能及活化能分布上有明显的差异。各族组分在地史过程中成气的过程可由各自的化学动力学模型来描述。这将使原油成气过程的定量、动态描述成为可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the data acquired from isothermal pyrolysis in a sealed vessel and from the combination of constant heating pyrolysis and the PY - GC technique, the authors constructed and calibrated the chemical kinetic models of gas generation from various groups of crude oil. i. e. saturated hydrocarbons . aromatics , nonhydrocarbons and aspheltenes respectively in this paper. The results indicate that the process of gas generation from different groups in crude oil can be described by parallel first-order reactions, but the average activation energy and distribution characteristics of activation energy for different groups may be different obviously. As for the average activation energy of gas generation, that of nonhydrocarbons and aspheitenes is the lowest and that of aromatics the highest, while that of saturated hydrocarbons is intermediate between the above two. As for the low value of activation energy distribution, that of nonhydrocarbons is lower, and that of saturated hydrocarbons higher, with that of aromatics and aspheltenes being intermediate between the above two. The onset and rate of gas generation from these groups in geological conditions depend on the chemical kinetical characteristics mentioned above. Thus the process of conversion of oil to gas can be described quantitatively and dynamically by the superim-position of the kinetic processes of gas generation by various groups.更多还原