【摘要】 通过观察82株大麦花药培养再生植株根尖细胞有丝分裂和56株花粉母细胞（PMC）减数分裂过程中染色体的结构和分离情况。结果表明，单倍体和二倍体植株各为17．1％和35．4％，混倍体植株47．5％，在混倍体植株中，有二倍体、三倍体、四倍体甚至六倍体细胞和一些非整倍体细胞，但仍以单倍体、二倍体和四倍体细胞为主。根尖细胞有丝分裂过程中有染色体结构的变异，如染色体断片，环状染色体等。二倍体PMC减数分裂过程中染色体分离有异常现象，如染色体“桥”，但绝大多数能正常完成。而单倍体和四倍体不能正常完成，单倍体染色体分离以2：5或3：4为主，并在中后期Ⅰ看到染色单体分离现象，四倍体细胞染色体有多种联会形式。酯酶同工酶（EST）聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）结果表明，利用Estl座位不同等位基因的分离规律可检出再生植株中的纯合体与非纯合体。不同的二倍体花粉植株在性状上出现明显的分离现象，观察到二类性状有显著差异的植株，Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类，Ⅰ类占6．6％，Ⅱ类占93．4。更多还原

【Abstract】 82 and 56 regenerated plants of barley anther callus were used to study cytological characters in root-tip cells and pollen mother cells(PMC) respectively. The results showed that 17.1% plants were true haploid, 35.4% plants diploid and 47.5% plants mixoploid. Mixoploid plants could include various ploidy levels(haploid, diploid and tetraploid), but one of them was in the first place. Aneuploid cells were also seen in 3 plants. PMC meiosis were abnormal for haploid and tetraploid. Rate of chromosomal disjunction in haploid cells were mostly 2:5 or 3:4, and chromatid disjunction was observed in metaphase I. Every different synapsis happened in tetraploid cells. Chromosomal abnormality in root-tip cells mitosis and in PMC meiosis were observed, for example, chromosome bridge, chromosome break, chromosome ring and dicentric chromosome, etc..Esterase isozyme variants in 60 regeneratants by PAGE were analysized. The zymogram showed that locus Estl two bands segregated for 1:1 in 59 regeneratants had this two bands. Est 1 different alleles might be used to definite regeneratants whether coming form pollen callus. 2 different characters disjunction of diploid plants were observed, one was 6.6%, the other was 93.4%.更多还原