【摘要】 通过对蔺草分蘖,不同时期出生的单苗草茎的伸长历期、草茎长度及伸长速度的定株追踪观察,结合历时的温度、日照和降雨量等的分析,描述了二者间的数量关系,揭示了蔺草的生长特性,提出蔺草宜在四季分明、气候温和、雨量充沛,草茎伸长期有明显的梅雨季节,收割时又伴有高温强光的气候条件的地区种植。在氮磷钾肥料试验的基础上建立了三元二次肥料效应数学模型,剖析了氮磷钾单施与配施对茼草产量的影响,明确其增产潜力为:NPK>NK>NP>N>PK>K>P。提出亩施纯N35.0kg,P₂O₅7.5kg,K₂O21.0kg,三者搭配比例为1:0.22:0.6,产量较高,单产达982.4kg,比单施氮肥提高16.3％。增施钾磷对蔺草茎充实,百根干重和粗度等品质性状的改善有利。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of climatic factors on the number of tillers per hill, length of single tiller stem and length of elongation period and effectiveness of both single and combined fertilizer on yield were analysed in Japanese rush (Juncus effusus L, var decipiens Buchen) crop. The results are as follows:1. The relationship between the number of rush tillers per hill (Y) and temperature (t) can be expressed as Y=-1. 1621+0. 4573t-0. 0141t2, based on which the critical temperature (2. 8°C), and optimum temperature (16. 2°C) for tillering were determined. The adequate temperatures range from 11 to 21°C , under which more than 2 tillers per hill per day will appear.2. The relationship between the temperature (t) and the length of the elongation period in days (Yd) can be described as Yd = 26. 55 + 325. 1 t-1. Its simulated values coincided with the observed values and the correlation coefficient reached 0. 9968, P<0. 01.3. The relationship of the length of rush stem (Y, cm) to the mean daily temperature (X1, °C), day-length (X2, hour) and rainfall (X3, mm) at various stages can be described as Y= 18. 19+3. 9790X1-2. 1769X2 + 4. 5128X3(R = 0. 9831, P<0. 01). Rush is therefore recommended to be grown in the areas with a typical rainy spell in early summer, and a hot and sunny harvesting period.4. N, P, K fertilizers and their combinations contributed to rush yield as the following order: NPK>NK>NP>N>PK>K>P.5. The optimum combination of fertilizers applied at 35. 0 kg N/mu, 7. 5 kg P2O5/mu and 21. 0 kg K2O/mu and their propotion was 1:0. 22: 0. 6, at which, a higher yield (about 982. 4 kg/mu) could be obtained, it increased rush yield about 16. 3% , compared with the single treatment of N fertilizer.更多还原