【摘要】 S型抗静电剂是一种阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和协同剂按一定比例组成的复合型抗静电剂。介绍了S型抗静电剂的合成路线,考察了在高分子材料中的抗静电效果。在催化剂作用下,直链烷基伯胺和环氧乙烷生成非离子表面活性剂;在协同剂作用下,非离子表面活性剂再与高氯酸和环氧乙烷进行季胺化反应,得到产品S型抗静电剂。应用结果表明,该抗静电剂在硬质PVC扭结膜中用量2.5%时,可使表面电阻率下降到10⁸Ω,体积电阻率下降到10¹¹Ω·cm。对雾度和透明度影响很小,性能满足使用要求;在红泥-PVC材料中,当用量5%,并与1%用量的协同剂CTS-1配合,可使表面电阻率下降到10⁶以下,满足井下材料抗静电要求;在软质PVC鞋用材料中,采用液体状的协同剂CTS-Ⅰ替代固状的CTS-Ⅰ,不仅满足了表面电阻率0.5×10⁵～10×10⁸Ω的要求,而且有利于材料分散;在环氧-聚氨酯地面涂料中加入3%的S-18,在高湿条件下表面电阻率下降到10⁶Ω,在低湿度条件下也可下降到10⁹Ω;在聚氨酯中,添加量2%即可使表面电阻率下降到10⁸Ω,在丁腈胶中添加量3%即可满足纺织工业胶辊的抗静电要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 S-series antistatic agent is a compounded antistatic agent,which is composed of cationic quaternary ammonium salt surfactant,non-ionic surfactant and synergistic agent in the right proportion. The synthesis route for the antistatic agent is described and the antistatic property of the agent are also studied. A non-ionic surfactant was produced in the catalytic reaction of straight-chain alkyl primary amine with epoxy ethane. The non-ionic surfactant was then quaternary ammonium reacted with perchloric acid and epoxy ethane,with synergistic agent in the reaction, resulted in S-series antistatic agent. The result of the application showed when the adding amount of the agent was 2.5% in PVC twisting film,the surface resistivity of the film decreased to 10⁹Ω and the volume resistivity decreased to 10¹¹Ω· cm,had little effect on the haze and transparency of the film ,and the property of the film could meet the needs of application;when the adding amount was 5% in red mud/PVC and used in cooperation with synergistic agent CTS-1 （adding amount of 10%）,the surface resistivity decreased to be smmaller than 10⁶,meeting the needs of materials used in oil well;when used for soft PVC compound for shoe use,the replacement of solid synergistic agent CTS- I by liquid synergistic agent CTS-I decreased the surface resistivity to 0. 5×10⁵～10×10⁸Ω,and was of benifit to the dispersion of the material;when the adding amount of S-18 was 30% and was applied to epoxy urethane floor coating,the surface resistivity decreased to 10⁶Ω under high moisture condition,and to 10⁹Ω under low moisture condition;when the adding amount of the agent was 2% in PU,the surface resistivity would decease to 10⁸Ω,and when the adding amount was 3% in butyl nitrile rubber,the antistatic property of the rubber would meet the need of the roller used in textile industry.更多还原