【摘要】 选择对养殖鱼类致病的嗜水气单胞菌强毒株，用福尔马林以０．０５％－１．０％的６个浓度及４、２５和６３℃等３种温度灭活制成菌苗，进行安全性和免疫保护试验。结果表明：福尔马林的最佳灭活浓度为０．０５％－０．２％，浓度过高会影响菌苗的抗原性和对鲫的安全性；灭活温度以４℃明显优于６３℃。用０．１５％福尔马林灭活嗜水气单胞菌的胞外产物（ＥＣＰ），２５℃需４天以上，４℃需７天以上，６２℃２小时即可灭活，不加福尔马林６２℃热处理２小时不能彻底灭活。用嗜水气单胞菌全菌苗及菌体超声波破碎苗腹腔注射免疫鲫，全菌苗免疫保护率为１００％，破碎菌体保护率为８０％；比较全菌苗、胞外产物苗和菌细胞苗的免疫效果，以全菌苗最佳，胞外产物苗腹腔注射免疫效果与菌细胞苗相近，而浸泡免疫效果则优于菌细胞菌；嗜水气单胞菌脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）苗腹腔注射免疫保护率最高，可达１００％。全菌苗在４℃保存６个月后，含０．１５％和０．２％福尔马林的制品免疫保护率分别降低２０．６％和２６．２％，而含０．０５％及０．１％福尔马林的制品免疫保护率降低５０％以上，旦０．０５％组还出现少量絮状物，表明过低的福尔马林浓度不利于菌苗的长期保存。更多还原

【Abstract】 The virulent stains of Aeromenas hydrophila were inactived with formalin at a series of concentrations ranged from 0.05% ～ 1 .0% at 4℃, 25℃ and 63℃. The safety and immunogenicity were tested by crucian carp immunized with the various formalin-treated bacterin. The results show that the optimal coneentration of formalin is 0. 05% ～ 0. 2%. High concenhations Of formalin would destory the immunogencity of bacterin and would alsobe dangerous to the fish. It is better to treat the bacterin at lower temperature.The ECP of Ah can be inactived with 0. 15% formalin in two hours at 62℃,or in two days at 25℃ and seven days at 4℃.The crucian carp was immunized with inactive bacterial cell, ECP or both of them, respectively.The lelatively survival percent (RSP) was tested with immunized fish challenged with virulent Ah strain. The bacter in containing both is most effective either in injection immunization or in bath immuvizaation. The ECP is as effective as the bacterial cell in injection but it is better than the later in hath.The RSP of crude LPS in injection immunization is 100%. The bacterin treated with ultrasonic wave is less effective than the whole cell.The bacterin was tested for RSP after being stored for six months at different concentrations of formalin. The bacterin treated with 0. 15% and 0.2% formalin lost 20.6% and 26.2% RSP, respectively during storage. And the bacterin with 0.05% and 0.1% formalin lost 50% RSP.The results indicato that the immunogenicity of bacterin would be partly destroyed during storage at low formalin concentration.更多还原