【摘要】 热胁迫是影响小麦产量的一个主要环境限制因子，小麦生育前期和后期发生的热胁迫将分别导致穗粒数和粒重下降，从而阻碍品种产量潜力的发挥，在过高温度条件下，小麦的光合效率降低，细胞膜透性增大，与籽粒充实程度相关的淀粉合成酶等酶类的活性变劣。小麦抗热性育种是近年来小麦育种领或新兴的一项育种途径，其育种策略目前主要为基于蒸腾作用降低体温的避热性改良和基于细胞膜稳定性以及热击蛋白可诱导性的耐热性改良。研究表明，小麦品种在避热性和耐热性上都存在着较大的遗传改良潜力，随着抗热机理、鉴定方法、抗热种质资源的深入研究与拓宽，小麦抗热性育种定会取得成效。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heat stress is a major environmental constraint limiting wheat yield.Heat stress happening in preantheeis and postanthesis would decrease kernel number ofspike and kernel weight respectively,thereby limiting the yield potential of wheat culti-vars.In case of high temperature,photosguthetic rate decreases;membrance permeabilityincreases;and activity of enzymes,C.g.sucrose synthase related to grain filling decrease.Wheat breeding for heat resistance is a new hreeding way in wheat breeding programme,whose objective is to utllize heat avoidance based on transpirational cooling and heat tol-erance based on membrance thermostability and heat shock proteins.Research resultsshowed that wheat breeding has larger potential in improving wheat cuitivar resistanceto heat.As the mechanisms of heat resistance,selection techniques and germpasm collec-tion are being further studied and enlarged,wheat breeding will achieve remarkable suc-cess on resistance to heat.更多还原