【摘要】 最近研究表明,西澳大利亚、加拿大、津巴布韦、印度等地变质地体中脉金矿床形成于葡萄石-绿纤石相到低麻粒岩相变质环境。这组矿床的地质地球化学特征、成矿机理、成矿时代和产出的地球动力学背景相近,虽然它们形成深度和环境不同,但连续有序地产于地壳由浅到深的不同深度上,根据矿床形成的温度、压力和深度条件,可将脉金矿床划分为浅成矿床、中成矿床和深成矿床。我国变质地体中的一些脉金矿床形成环境和成矿特征与国外矿床类似,而另一些矿床则存在重大差异。90年代以来提出的脉金矿床成矿模式包括:地壳连续成矿模式、多阶段多成因模式和改造成矿模式等。巨大的脉金成矿省出现在地史上三个时期,即晚太古代（约2.7～2.6Ga）、晚古生代（450～340Ma）和中-新生代,这与超大陆的增生和拼接作用发生的时期相应。巨大的金矿集中区位于外部造山带;较小矿床的形成在时间和空间上也与超大陆旋回内部造山带的碰撞构造作用有关。脉金矿床与煌斑岩没有成因联系,但橄榄玄粗质岩浆作用反映了外来地体斜向碰撞之后隆升和减压的地球动力学状态,而金矿床即形成于这一特殊背景。应力制图技术(STM^TM)是预测成矿靶区的有效方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent research has shown that lode gold deposits hosted in metamorphic terranes occur in environments that range in their metamorphic grade from prehnite-pumpellyite to lower granulite facies in Western Australia, Zimbabwe, Canada, India. The geological and geochemical characteristics, geodynamic setting, mineralization and metallogenic epoch of these deposits that occur from shallow-to deeper-level in the crust are similar. Based on the p-T-depth conditions of Au mineralization,lode gold deposits can be classified as epizonal, mesozonal and hypozonal deposits. Some lode gold deposits hosed in metamorphic terranes in China are similar to those abroad in their formation environment and metallogenic features, but other deposits are significantly different. Several metallogenic models have been proposed for the lode gold deposits including the crustal continuum model,multi-stage and multi-process genetic model,and reworking process genetic model. Globally, giant lode gold metallogenic provinces appear at three distinct times in Earth’s history,these are the late-Archaean （ca. 2.7～2.6 Ga）,late Paleozoic （450～340 Ma）and Mesozoic-Cenozoic. These times correspond to accretionary tectonic assembly of a supercontinent. Giant lode gold metellogenic provines formed in exteral orogens. Minor gold deposits also formed in space and time with collisional tectonics in internal orogenic belts of the supercontinent cycle. The shoshonitic magmatism reflects a specific geodynamic regime of uplift and decompression following oblique collision of allochthonous terranes. The generation of lode gold is related to this specific setting,albeit no genetic link to lamprophyres. Stress mapping technology(STM^TM) is a viable method for targeting potential sites of mineralization.更多还原