【摘要】 某核设施低放废水按活度水平分别排至蒸发池和戈壁滩。1976～1978年和1988～1990年调查研究了蒸发池周围和极低放废水流经地区的一般生态环境和主要放射性核素的食物链转移。结果表明:（1）在低放废水排放影响下,一个相对稳定的特定生态系统已经生成;（2）蒸发池和极低放废水流经地区的沉积物、土壤、动植物组织中的放射性核素含量与对照区比较有明显升高,可检出核素主要有⁶⁰Co,⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs,其次为⁶⁵Zn,¹³⁴Cs,¹⁴⁴Ce,¹⁵⁵Eu和²³⁹Pu,蒸发池水生物核素含量较极低放废水流经区约高3个量级;（3）低放废水排放导致居民照射的关键核素为¹³⁷Cs,关键途径是猎食蒸发池水鸟。按极端保守假设估计,居民个人摄入¹³⁷Cs的最大量占居民摄入年限值的50％。正常饮食习惯下,低放废水排放所致居民照射剂量的贡献可以忽略。极端情况下,候鸟迁徙造成放射性物质远距离扩散的最大量估计为10⁷Bq·a^-1。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies for the general ecological environment around the evaporating ponds and Gobi desert areas, receiving the low and very low level radioactive waste water from a nuclear facility, and for the transport of radionuclides in foodchains were undertaken. On basis of obtained results the following conclusions were made: (1) In consequence of controlled releases of low level radioactive -waste water, a steady specific ecosystem had formed. (2) Concentration of radionuclides in sediments, soils, terrestrial and aquatic wild plants and animals, agricultural products irrigated with very low level radioactive waste water, and tissues of sheep pastured in very low level radioactive water drainage areas, were higher significantly than that of non-contaminated areas. (3) Radioactive waste water discharging might result in potential exposure to members of residents. The critical radionuclide was 137Cs, and the critical pathway was ingesting polluted waterfowls of evaporating pond. On basis of very conservative assessing the maximum intake of 137Cs of individual of local resident was 1.0x104 Bq a-1 corresponding to 50% of ALT of individual of population. Maximum amount of redistribution of radioactive material as a result of carrying by migrating birds under extreme conditions might be about 107 Bq a-1.更多还原