【摘要】 本文根据典型碳酸盐岩风化壳─—石灰岩、白云岩风化剖面岩土体结构、构造现象的野外系统的观察资料，自基岩到土层系统地采集了风化剖面的代表样品，在室内进行了样品的偏光显微镜、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和Ｘ射线能谱分析（ＥＤＡＸ）测试等工作，对残积红粘土结构、构造特征进行了较系统的研究和成因论证，最后提出了它们是溶蚀─—交代成因的结论，从而进一步充实和论证了作者在以往论文（１９８８，１９８９，１９９１ａ，１９９１ｂ）中提出的论点￣［１，２］．更多还原

【Abstract】 A comprehensive field and laboratory study was made of two representative lateritewheathering crust profiles in carbonate rocks to investigate their structure ,texture and gene-sis. The profiles were sampled systematically for SEM,X-ray energy spectroscopy(EDAX)and other anylyses, The results gave new evidences of their replacement origin,and thus en-hanced the concepts proposed previously by the authors. Some of relict micro-structure andtexture of carbonate rocks ,such as stratification plane,micro-bedding plane,dissolution pipe,vug and joint were observed in the body of laterite in the field, which indicated an equivol-umetic transformation from rock into soil. SEM and EDAX microphotographs showed moreevidences of replacement of calcite and dolomite minerals by clay, Furthermore,micro-struc-ture and n1icro-texture of residual clay were in good correlation with genesis。 Although claygrains have different sizes,they are mainly composed of single crystal particles of clay miner-als, which resulted from original strticttire of carbonate rocks consisting of calcite anddolomite crystals.更多还原