【摘要】 本文以３５～５９岁非高血压女性农民为对象，采用前瞻性观察方法调查１１９６人。６年后复查１０４６人，新发高血压１３７人，年标准化发病率２．２４％，发现体重超重、血总胆固醇／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）比值、服避孕药年限与高血压的发病成正关联。体重超重组（体重指数＞２４））高血压的发生率为２４．７４％，其比值比（ＯｄｄｓＲａｔｉｏ，简称ＯＲ）是＜体重指数２０组的５．３９倍；ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值＞４．８组高血压发生率为２８．２６％，其ＯＲ是＜４．０组的５．２２倍；服避孕药１０年以上高血压发生率为３０．９９％，其ＯＲ是不服避孕药组的４．１３倍。本研究表明，女性高血压的可能发病因素为体重超重、高ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值、长期眼避孕药、膳食高钠和低钙。更多还原

【Abstract】 One thousand one hundred and ninety-six normotensive female peasants aged 35～59 years were studied prospectively,all the items such as history,check-up situation, height,weight, serum TC and HDL-C measurements, 24-hour food recall,etc.,were undertaken according to the standardized manual,1046of them had been followed up for 6 years, 137 were found to have hypertension with an annual standardized incidence of 2. 24 percent.The incidence rate of hypertension was directly proportional to the ratio of TC/HDL-C and the time of taking oral contraceptives.For the group with the highest BMI, the rate of hypertension was 24. 74 percent, the relative risk was 5. 39.If the ratio of TC/HDL-C is higher than 4.8 the rate was 28.26 percent while only 7. 01 percent for the group with a ratio lower than 4.0,and the relative risk was 5. 22. The rate was 30.99 percent when oral contracep-tives had been taken for over 10 years, however, in the group of women who had never taken the medicine, the figure was only 9. 82 percent and the relative risk was 4. 13. The study about the food structure indicated that sodium intake per kilocalorie for the females was higher than the males (p<0. 01).Conclusion:The risk factors of hypertension for the females are over-weight, high ratio of TC/HDL-C,longer time of taking oral contraceptives,more sodium and less calcium in the food.更多还原