【摘要】 用光镜和电镜观察了水稻胚乳细胞及其中的淀粉体和蛋白质颗粒的发育过程;用整体解剖法查明了胚乳核的分裂方式,用微孔滤膜抽滤酶解细胞悬浮液的方法研究了胚乳细胞的增殖动态。主要结果如下:（1）水稻胚乳游离核与细胞的分裂有两种形式:无丝分裂与有丝分裂,并以无丝分裂为主。（2）核期结束时,游离核间形成成膜体,产生细胞壁。（3）胚乳细胞分裂的持续时间受到温度的影响,气温高时,胚乳细胞增殖快,在平均气温27℃时分裂的持续时间为12天。（4）淀粉体是由质体积累淀粉发育起来的,质体能通过长出芽胞或中间收缩断开的方式进行分裂。（5）胚乳细胞中有两种蛋白质颗粒,P₁与P₂,它们都在粗糙内质网上形成,P₁积累在由内质网围起的囊泡中,而P₂积累在液泡中。（6）由背部维管束卸出的灌浆物质必须经过质外体才能进入胚乳。糊粉层是胚乳吸收养分的细胞层。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of rice endosperm and its amyloplast. protein bodies were observed with light and electron microscopes. The division way of endosperm nucleus was ascertained by the method of total dissection. The proliferation dynamics of endosperm cells was studied by the method that the enzymolyzed cell suspension was pumped to filtrate through a microporous filter film. The main results were as follows: (1) In rice endosperm, the division of free nuclei and cells had two kinds of forms: amitosis and mitosis, and the amitosis was the majority. (2) When the nuclear phase ended, the phragmoplast was formed between the free nucleus. Then the cell wall was developed. (3) The division duration of endosperm cells was affected by temperature. The increment of cells was fast when the air temperature was higher. At 27℃ on average, the division duration lasted 12 days. (4) Amyloplast was developed from plastid of accumulated starch. The plastid might divide via coming out gemma or contracting the middle part to break. (5) There were two kinds of protein bodies P1 and P2 in endosperm cells. They were all formed in rough endoplasmic reticulum. But P1 were accumulated in the sac which was surround by endoplasmic reticulum, and P2 in vacuoles. (6) The milking material which was unloaded from dorsal vascular bundle must pass apoplast, then transported into endosperm. Aleurone layer was the cell layer by which the endosperm assimilated nutrients.更多还原