【摘要】 通过对北海原油乳状液与模型乳状液稳定性的比较研究,发现北海原油乳状液的稳定机理主要是界面膜稳定和立体稳定,即由蜡、胶质、沥青质组分中的界面活性化合物在油水间形成的界面膜和沥青质颗粒、蜡晶及蜡网状结构的作用所致。北海原油乳状液的稳定性与原油的粘度及油水界面张力有关。对北海原油乳状液的破乳应以减弱界面膜强度、消除或减弱蜡晶及蜡网结构的作用为主。本研究所用破乳剂可降低油水界面张力,减弱油水界面膜的强度,促进北海原油的破乳。破乳效果与加入破乳剂前界面膜的强度有关,油水界面膜的强度越高,破乳效果越差。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the comparative investigation of the stability of North Sea crude oil emulsions and model emulsions, it is found that the North Sea crude oil emulsions are stabilized by interracial film stabilization and steric stabilization mechanisms, i. e. the emulsions stabilized by an interficial film formed by the interfacially active components composited from wax, resin and asphaltene fractions and asphaltene particles, wax particles and wax network in the oils. The stability of North Sea crude oil emulsions correlates to the viscosity of the crude oils and the interfacial tension between water and oil. Destabilization of these crude oil emulsions was carried out by reducing the strength of the interfacial film and the influence of wax particles and network. The demulsifiers promote destabilization of the crude oil emulsions by reducing interface tension between water and oil and the strength of the interfacial films. The effect of the demulsifiers correlates to the strength of the interficial film, the higher the strength of interfacial film, the less effect on demulsification.更多还原