【摘要】 用扫描电镜较全面地观察了人胎儿脑室系统──侧脑室、第三脑室和第四脑室壁的超微结构。结果发现人和某些动物一样，几个脑室室管膜表面都覆盖着大量的纤毛和微绒毛。纤毛的分布在区域上有一定的差别。并证实了３个脑室内存在着接触脑脊液神经元的胞体、树突和轴突。该神经元的胞体为梭形或球形，可见到一个或两个以上的突起。室管膜上神经纤维发自神经细胞或自室腔外穿入而来。另外，在室管膜上还观察到了神经胶质样细胞和类组织细胞。神经胶质样细胞呈不规则球形，表面比较光滑，有较多的丝状或棘状突起自胞体伸出，没有轴突和树突之分。类组织细胞，大多呈球形，表面有微绒毛或泡状结构，突起较少。在某些区域还可见其聚集成群。本文并对上述各种结构的功能进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ultrastructuralfeatures ofluminal surface of the lateral,third and fourth ventricles in human fetus were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Numerous cilia,microvilli have been observed on the cerebral ventricular surface.The distribution of the cilia showed regional variations.The somata,dendrites and axons of the CSF- contacting neurons existed on ventricular surface.Theneural somata were round or fusiform in shape with one or more cytoplasmic processes,Some nerve fibers were found on the luminal surface of the ventricles. They came from the supraependymal neuron-like cells or neurons outside the ventricle by penetrating into the cavity.In addition,neuroglialike cells and histocyte-like cells on the ependymal surface were found.The former had a irregular globular cell body with smooth surface and many filopodia-like processes which showed no polarity. The latter had less cytoplasmic processes. The surface of these cells were studied with numeroussmall blebs or microvilli.The function of the structures mentioned above were discussed. (Laboratory of Brain Research Institute of BasicMedicineTongjiMedicalUniversity,13HangkongRoad,Wuhan 430030,China)更多还原