【摘要】 研究结果表明,尿素配施牛厩肥、稀土、麦饭石、氯化钙和双氰胺时,水稻生物产量和谷物产量分别比单施尿素提高了2.3％～12.7％和1.6％～11.8％,其中以配施双氰胺和麦饭石的效果最为显著,氮利用效率与单施尿素（4.3kg谷物/kg施用氮）相比分别提高到10.7kg谷物/kg施用氮和12.5kg谷物/kg施用氮。¹⁵N示踪结果表明,单施尿素时,水稻对尿素氮的利用率仅为20.6％,但配施牛厩肥、稀土、麦饭石、氯化钙、双氰胺时,尿素氮的利用率分别提高到25.9％,26.3％,24.0％,28.3％和37.9％,尿素的氮利用率提高了3.4％～7.3％。配施对尿素氮的残留和损失,尤其是气态损失有明显的效应,其中牛厩肥和稀土对尿素氮的残留的效果最为显著,分别占施用量的30.3％和27.3％。双氰胺能使尿素氮的损失大大降低,由单施尿素的57.7％降低到36.3％。试验结果还表明,虽然配施不同物质之间对土壤有效氮的变化的效应差异不明显,但是对土壤氮的损失和矿化则有显著的效应。配施牛厩肥和双氰胺时,土壤的矿化氮量显著减少,土壤氮损失也减少。更多还原

【Abstract】 It was showed that the dry weight and grain yield of rice were 2. 3%~12. 7% and 1.6%~11.8% higher respectively than those of urea applied alone when urea applied with cow slurry, rare-earth, maifanshi, calcium chloride and dicyandiamine (DCD). Among the treatments, BCD and maif anshi increased the nitrogen use efficiency of urea from 4. 3 kg grain/kg N applied when urea applied alone to 10. 7 kg grain and 12. 5 kg grain per kg N applied. It was shown from I5N tracing experiment that the nitrogen uptake efficiency of urea for rice when applied alone was 20. 6% while 25. 9, 26. 3, 24. 0, 28. 3 and 27. 9% respectively when applied with cow slurry , rare-earth, maifanshi, calcium chloride and DCD. Application of urea with above various materials contributed to a apparent effect on increase of nitrogen residue in soil and nitrogen loss (particularly in loss by air) from urea, among which, the best effect was obtained on nitrogen residue in soil from urea when applied with cow slurry and rare-earth, the residues were 30. 3% and 27. 3% of applied nitrogen respectively, and DCD could decrease the nitrogen loss of greatly, from 57. 5% of applied nitrogen when applied alone to 36. 3% of applied nitrogen. It was also showed that the difference of effect on kinetics of soil available nitrogen between one treatment and another was not significant, but significant difference existed in effect of different treatments on loss of soil nitrogen and soil nitrogen mineralization. Compared with labelled urea applied alone, application with cow slurry and DCD resulted in great decrease in loss of soil nitrogen and soil nitrogen mineralization while not apparent effect for application with rare-earth, calcium chloride and maifanshi.更多还原