【摘要】 ８０年代国际上围绕黄雨问题展开了一场大论战．争论的焦点是，黄雨究竟是人造的生物／化学致毒武器，还是一种自然现象．作者早在１９７７年便提出黄雨的蜜蜂粪便说，认为黄雨是一种自然现象─—蜜蜂在空中净化排出的粪便．黄雨的蜜蜂粪便说现已得到国际公认，是对中国、东南亚（老挝和柬埔寨）和马来西来黄雨的唯一令人满意的解释．本文旨在总结１０多年来国内外在黄雨科学这一研究领域所取得的成就和进展．更多还原

【Abstract】 During the 1980s there was a considerable controversy in the world over theorigin of yellow rain. The point at issue was whether yellow rain was biological--chemicalwarfare agents or a phenomenon of nature. The purpose of this contribution is to make aconcluding report on achievements and advances in the research of yeljow rain at home andabroad during the past ten years and more.Since the mid-1970s there has been three reported allow rain events.occurring in theworld. Early in September 1976, mysterious-rain-like yellow drops, called "yellow rain" bythe local people, first fell from the sky over many regions of northern Jiangsu Province. Yellow rain fell.as a liquid or paste on plant leaves, roofs and fields. The drops, ranging in sizefrom 2 to 6 mm, were usually round to oval, and looked like a half of a soybean, with paley8llow to yellowish brown colour. It did not stick to the ground tightly and became pow-dery after poking. The yellow spots fell only for a short time, from a few minutes toten-odd minutes, usually over a limited area. The density varied from several to over 10drops per m2 on average, with a maximum of 160 drops recorded. Many people talkedabout the yellow rain phenomenon with curiosity at the start, and this developed into apanic. A popular interpretation was to associate yellow rain with earthquakes, since in thesummer of the same year there was a disastrous earthquake in Tangshan, eastern HebeiProvince. People took the yelloW drops as a sign of another big earthquake. Being afraid ofit, they stayed outside of their houses. Some suspected that the yellow deposits were airdropped toxin agents, and as a result did not dare take food or drink in case of contamina-tion by the yellow material.By the end of the 1970s and the early 1980s, yellow rain was reported in succession inSouth-East Asia (mainly Laos and Cambodia). Local villagers reported that yellow rainwas associated with strange and serious diseases, including vomiting and diarrhea, skin irritation and lesions, dizziness, convulsion, gastro-intestinal bleeding, and sudden death. TheAmerican government had some of the yellow rain samples collected from Laos,Cambodia, and Afghanistan analyzed, and found the presence of fungal toxins, includingT-2, HT-2, NIV, DAS and DON. The government claimed that the former Soviet Unionand its allies had been using toxin weapons. There followed a burst of yellow rain research.After extensive studies and investigations from different aspects and Points of yiew, the international debate on yellow rain started.The latest yellow rain event occurred some time in the mid-1980s on the campUs ofUniversity of Malaya, Malaysia, where the vehicles parked were spattered with yellow toreddish brown spots. Many people suggested that the spots could possibly originate fromthe remaining curry in the discarded food wrappings. Others believed that the f spots mightbe chemical sprays used in some laboratories.After detailed laboratory studies on northern Jiangsu yellow rain samples and field investigations, the author proposed as early as 1977 a bee feces theory for the origin of yellowrain. The samples examined under the microscope in acetolysed preparations, were found,without exception, to be made mainly of pollen. Detailed palynological analysis showedthat the pollen grains observed are of angiospermous origin, among which t,he dominantelement is the tree pollen of Ulmus parvifilia Jacq., plus some grass pollen such asGramineae and Compositae. There were also minor components of algae, flingal hyphaeand setae in samples. All the primary plant taxa identified from the pollen are common innorthern Jiangsu Province, and were in biossom at that time. Samples of yellow rain collected from various sites and at different times within the same period were more or less similar in their pollen composition, clearly reflecting the local vegetation, The further studiesindicated that the pollen. grains found in the samples were gathered by the honey-bee Apismellifera lingustica Spin., and bee culture is very popular in northern Jiangsu Pr更多还原