【摘要】 对小麦×通北野燕麦的杂交结实率、成胚率、杂交后代的形态和细胞遗传的研究结果表明，不同小麦基因型×通北野燕麦的杂交结实率存在很大差异，变化幅度为０～７．９５％．用ＤＣＰ１，ＤＣＰ２，ＤＣＰ３３种药剂处理授粉后的小麦子房，提高了双受精率、成胚率和自然结实率，其中以ＤＣＰ１的效果最佳．药剂处理的作用是有效地延长了幼胚在子房中的发育时间，但所有单性胚均不能发育成成熟种子，而双受精颖果大多可发育至成熟．杂种Ｆ１具有强大的营养生长优势，许多性状与母本有不同程度的差异，有的性状明显偏向父本野燕麦．（８７２２－７×野燕麦）２号株的Ｆ２群体分离广泛，且有３．７％的植株表现出野燕麦的分枝穗特征．Ｆ１染色体数均为２ｎ＝４２，其中树麦×野燕麦和（８７２２－７×野燕麦）１号株的ＰＭＣ减数分裂基本正常，而（８７２２－７×野燕麦）２号株的ＰＭＣＭⅠ染色体构型为１９～２０Ⅱ⊥２～４Ⅰ．推测通北野燕麦可能具有类似球茎大麦的作用，当它与小麦杂交时，其染色体在合子形成过程中绝大多数消失，但部分染色体片段转移到小麦染色体上，并引起小麦染色体组自然加倍．还讨论了通北野燕麦在小麦远缘杂交育种中的应用价值．更多还原

【Abstract】 The embryo formation rate and seed-set rate in the crosses of hexaploid wheat×″Tongbei″wild oat,and the morphology and cytogenetics of the hybrids were studied.Theseed-set rate crossing various wheat varieties with Tongbei wild oat was different,with avariation of 0～7. 95%. Three Kinodsnaotfiocnhemi,which made the percentages of double fertiliza-tion,embryo formation and seed-set greater than that in control.The effect of DCP1 was thebest among these three solutions. Yhe main role of the treatments was efficiently enlongingthe development of young embryos in their florets. Zygotes without endosperm were unableto mature,whereas those double-fertilized zygotes can. Four F1 hybrid plants obtained werevegetatively vigorous and significantly differed from their female parents in growth duration,plant-height,spike shape and resistance to diseases,but were similar to Tongbei wild oat insome traits.The F2 population derived from the(8722-7×wild oat)No. 2 F1 plant segretedwildly in their characteristics,and 3.7 percent appeared branched head which is similar towild oat. The chromosome number of F1 hybrids were 2n=42. The meiotlc division of PMCsof(Sumai × wild oat) F1 and(8722-7 × wild oat) No.1 F1 plant were basically normal,butthat of the(8722-7 × wild oat) No.2 F1 plant was innormal,with the PMC MI chromosomeconfiguration 19～20 Ⅱ +2～4Ⅰ.It is surposed that Tongbei wild oat may have played thesame role as Hordeum bulbsum,most of its chromosomes disappeared during the zygote for-mation when crossed with Triticum aestivum,but part of its genetic materials has entered towheat,resulting in changes of some characteristics and chromosome innormal pairing of PMCMI of F1 hybrids and chromosomes double naturally.The potential utilization value of Tong-bei wild oat in wheat distant cross breeding was discussed.更多还原