【摘要】 地下水均衡监测试验，河南省先后建立有封丘、郑州、商丘三个均衡场。本文据此资料进行了分析：认为水均衡理论，不限于地下水渗流，应包括土水势能量理论在内的大气水─地表水─土壤水─地下水为四水的水均衡；在研究方法上，不限于裸露条件下地中渗透计模拟，应采用与有无作物条件下通量方法相结合；研究得出降水入渗量，只在潜水埋深较小情况下，与降水量呈近似直线关系，达到最大值后，才随埋深增大逐渐减小和趋于稳定；潜水蒸发量，有作物条件下的腾发比无作物条件下的蒸发要大约１～５倍；对土壤水的重要性有了新的认识，土壤水在四水水文水资源循环中，起着重要的循环和调蓄功能，在农业生态中，具有战略意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three groundwater graded fields have been built in Fengqiu,Zhengzhou and Shangqiufor the experiment of groundwater graded monitoring in Henan Province. This paper anal-ysed the observed information and promoted that watergraded theory is not limited to theseepage flow of groundwater,it should include four types watergraded,meteorological watersurface water soil water and groundwater,belong to theory of soil and water potential ener-gy;in the study way, it is not limit to the imitation of permeameter buried underground atthe exposed condition,it should cgombine with fluxty at the condition whether there isplant.The research concludes there is a approximate linear relation between precipitation in-filtrated capcity and precipitation only in case if phreatic water buried shallow,it decreasesprogressively and becomes stable with the depth increase after reaching maximum;the evap-orative capcity of phreatic water,in the case with plants is 1～5times larger without plarits.The authors have achieved a new idea on the importance of soil water,the soil water plays animportant role for circulation and adjusting storage in the four sorts of water hydroresource,and it has strategy significance in agriculture ecology.更多还原