【摘要】 大阿尔玛京卡河流域雪崩危险主要出现在中山森林—草原带和高山雪冰带。受局地气候、地貌与环境的综合作用，流域雪崩规模小、路程短，多见全程雪崩；雪崩类型单调，以干、湿雪崩占统治地位，在90％以上。雪崩发生地点集中，而且每年都有出现，只有数量上的差异性。在西风气流的控制下，冬季积雪层的变质过程具温度梯度变质特征。积雪层负温梯度大，雪层深霜的发育和生长迅速，呈现“干寒型”积雪的基本特征。雪崩对道路、居民点和建筑物造成危害和威胁。应该采取预测预报与工程治理相配合的防治措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Almatinki River lies within the territory of Kazakhstan. It originates from the north slope of the Yili Mountain and flows through the Alma-Ata,the capital of Kazakhstan. Influenced by local climate and terrain,avalanches in the Almatinki River Basin mainly occur in the mid-and highmountain zones. Avalanches are usualy small in their scales and short in runout distances. Fulldepth avalanches are common.Controlled by the prevailing westelies, the snow is typical dry snow and characterized by large tempertature-gradient in the basal layers of snow and rapid growth rate of snow crystals.The snow metamorphism process is predominantly temperature-gradient metamorphosed. Due to the numerous disaster of avalanches,the integrated measures of avalanche warning and protection structures should be taken,and in this paper some measures are presented and discussed.更多还原