【摘要】 研究了21属39种竹子的果实形态解剖特征,发现其果皮性质、喙的形状和质地、腹沟和胚盖的有无、糊粉层的厚度及胚的形状,可作为竹类的分属依据。依果皮性质,竹类果实可分为4大类:基本型颖果、浆果状颖果、坚果状颖果和半坚果状颖果。浆果状颖果可能是原始的类型,坚果状颖果可由其演化而来;半坚果状颖果可由坚果状颖果进化而来;基本型颖果既可能来自半坚果状颖果,也可能由浆果状颖果演化而来。原始竹果具有以下特点:果实圆球形或椭球形,中部横截面呈圆形,果皮厚,组织分化较少,内有维管束,外方无胚盖,腹沟不明显;组成糊粉层的细胞层数较多,胚弯曲或折叠。有上述特征的竹果主要集中在具假花序的竹子中。更多还原

【Abstract】 The morphological and anatomical characteristics of bamboo fruits of 39 species in 21 genera have been surveyed. The results showed that characters as the shape, the middle cross section, the morphology of pericarp, rostrum and embryo, the presence or a-bsence of ventral groove and embryotega, and the thickness of aleurone layer of fruits were the important features in identifying different genera, and also in studying system-atics and evolution of the bamboos. All the bamboo fruits examined herewith could be considered as caryopses, and they could be subdivided into four types viz. typical, ba- coid, nucoid and seminucoid type. Type A,typical,as most grass fruits, with thin pericarp throughout or thickened only at apex, ventral groove (hilum) and embryotega, was found in the majority of bamboos, such as Fargesia and Arundinaria. Type B, ba-coid, with thick and fleshy pericarp, was found in nine genera: Melocanna, Dicochloa, Ochlandra, Olmeca ,Melocalamus, Chimonobambusa ,Qiongzhuea,Ferrocalatnus and Alv-imia. Type C, nucoid, with hard pericarp, was found so far only in Dendrocalamus and Cephalostachyum. Type D,semi-nucoid, the intermediate type between type A and C, with pericarp, as in type A, in the dorsum and pericarp, as in type C in the ventrum was found in Sinocalamus, Phyllostachys and Thyrsostachys. Bacoid may be the primitive type, from which nucoid may have evolved. Semi-nucoid may have evolved from nucoid. Typical type may be advanced and have evolved from bocoid or semi-nucoid. The primitive fruits of bamboos may have characteristics such as follows;globose or spheroidal in shape, round middle cross section; thick and fleshy pericarp throughout, less differentiated, presence of vascular bundle; absence of ventral groove (hilum) and embryotega; aleurone layer composed of a number of cell layers; large and curved or folded embryo. Bamboos with such a fruit have iterauctant inflorescences except Ferrocalatnus.更多还原