【摘要】 本文通过对江苏省不同农区土壤耕法调查和定位试验,比较了三种不同耕法对稻麦产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在同期播种的条件下,少、免耕麦增产机率大,且粘壤土大于砂壤土。免耕稻在人工栽插的条件下,易造成减产,其幅度是粘壤土类大于砂壤土类。两者增减产变幅,都有从南到北(N32°10′—N34°30′)逐渐增大的趋势。连续少、免耕明显地提高了土壤表层养分,但7cm以下土壤容重增大,有机质、速效氮、磷、钾均有所下降,草害严重,影响作物高产。在试验的基础上,作者提出了适应不同农区土壤,以少耕为主体,少、免耕交替,定期耕翻的深耕、浅耕、免耕有机结合的轮耕新体制,较好地解决了少、免耕连续应用所带来的弊端,为稻麦持续高产提供了科学耕作新技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three different tillage methods in 5 different farming regions of Jiangsu were surveyed by location test examine how these tillage methods effect the soil fertility and the yields of rice and wheat. The results show that sowing at the same term, the yield of wheat with minimumor no-tillage was more prebable to increase, with a greater increment on day loam than on sandy loam; the yield of hand transplanted rice in no-tillage treatment tended to decrease, with a greater decrement on clay loam than on sandy loam also; and both the change ranges tended to increase grandually from raised south to north (32°10′N-34°30′N). Minimumor no-tillage notably the nutrient contents of the surface soil, but the soil bulk density below 7cm also increased. Organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium all tended to decrease. Comprehensive analysis of soil fertility indicates that as for fertility enhancernent, minimum-or no-tillage was more advantageous for clay loam than for sandy loam. Based on extensive survey and comprehensive analysis, a new rotation-tillage system was put forward, in which minimum tillage is the principal part, minimum and no-tillage alternate and deep, shallow and no-tillage rotate periodically. This new system continued and developed the merits of different tillage methods, and correctly handled the contradictions between multiple cropping and farming season, farming and promoting the soil fertility, high yield and high efficiency, thus promoting the development of agronomics in Jiangsu. In recent years, this new tillage system has been extended to a total area of 794000ha in Jiangsu. The application of this new rotation-tillage system has increased yield by 7.5×10~9kg and net income be 3.98×10~9 yuan and gained significant social, economic and ecologic benefits.更多还原