【摘要】 对自然界演化过程中的进化与演变,从历史发展的过程进行考察,并详细地予以阐述。指出康德首先将历史观引入到对自然界进行研究的;尔后达尔文和克劳胥斯分别从生物系统与非生物系统的角度出发提出了两种相矛盾的历史观,这就是进化的历史观与退化的历史观;普里高津建立的耗散结构理论初步解决了这一矛盾,他认为由大量子系统组织成的系统中的进化是由涨落的放大导致的,自组织系统中的断进化,本质上就是系统逐级突变的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the process of historical development, the evolution and the mutation in the nature are discussed in this paper. It began with Kant that the view of history was applied to the study onthe nature. Later, Darwin and Clausius put forward two respectively contradictory views of history from the viewpoints of biological and non-biological systems, i.e. evolutionary and degenerate views of history, the theory of dissipatived structure established by prigogine solved the contradiction preli minarily. Prigogine thought that evolution iesults from the amplification of fluctuation in the system formed by a large number of subsystems and succes sive mutation of system leads to the uninterrupted evolution of self-organized system in nature.更多还原