【摘要】 以4×7交配模式共得正、反交F₁杂交组合56个。对包括这11个自交系在内的15个自交系和包括这56个组合在内的60个 F₁组合（另外4个 F₁组合均为正交）研究了13个玉米株型性状的遗传表达和亲子关系。根据上部第1～8片叶的叶夹角和棒三叶的叶向值等9个性状对15个自交系和32个杂交种分别进行聚类分析。得到如下主要结果:①13个株型性状的正、反交 F₁间差异不显著。②对13个株型性状的遗传模型和杂种优势来源作了初步推断。株高（PH）、穗上一叶叶向值（LOV1）、棒三叶叶向值（LOV3）、穗上叶平均叶夹角（AALA）、穗上平均叶间距（AILA）、穗下平均叶间距（AILB）和穗上平均叶长（ALLA）等性状的加性方差显著大于显性方差,说明这些性状的遗传主要来自加性作用。穗位高（EH）、雄穗分枝数（TB）、茎粗（SD）、单株叶面积（LAP）、棒三叶叶面积（ALNE）和穗上平均叶宽（ALWA）的遗传由加性和非加性共同决定。③按8个穗上叶夹角和 LOV3所作的聚类分析可以把玉米自交系和杂交种的株型分为紧凑型、近紧凑型、近平展型和平展型四类;并可从自交系和杂交种聚类分析结果的对比看出株型性状的亲子关系。④针对各株型性状的遗传表达特点讨论了相应性状改良与选择的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 56 reciprocal F₁’s were produced from 11 inbred lines of maize by a set of 4×7 NCII mat- ing Design in 1990,and a set of field experiment with 4 replicates was conducted in 1991 in Beijing by us- ing randominged completely block design,with other 4 inbreds and 4 hybrids added.13 plant type charac- ters were measured in field from 2 of the 4 reps.A NCⅡ and an augmented NCⅡ genetic model were used to reveal the ways by which the characters inherited.Analysis of clustering were used to cluster the in- breds and hybrids tested according to their plant type.The main results were as fallows:①No significant differences were detected between reciprocal F₁’s on the characters of plant type.②The characers of plant height（PH）,average leaf orientation value of 3 leaves near ear（LOV3）,LOV of one leaf above ear （LOV1）,average angle of leaves above ear（AALA）,average interval between leaves’ above ear（AILA）, average interval between leaves below ear（AILB）,avreage leaf length above ear（ALLA）were mainly additively inherited;the characters of ear height（EH）,tassel branches（TB）,stem diameter（SD）,leaf area of plant（LAP）,area of 3 leaves near ear（ALNE）and average leaf width above ear（ALWA）were inher- ited both additively and non-additivively.③With an analysis of clustering,15 inhreds and 32 hybrids were clustered into 4 groups seperately,which is matched with the practical performance of the materials tested.The relationship between parental lines and their F₁ offsprings were revealed.④Some considera- tions about selection and improvement of the characters of plant type were suggested.更多还原