【摘要】 建筑物中存在的大量石棉,是目前世界上一个严重的环境问题。越来越多的统计资料,病理学和动物实验已反复证明了石棉的危害性,特别是石棉诱发的肺癌、间皮瘤、胸膜瘢等病症,引起了人们的极大关注。采用光学显微镜和电子显微镜,依据纤维的形态,构造、颜色、光性及电子衍射花样等特征,可有效地确定各种建材制品、污染空气和水体中纤蛇纹石、纤铁闪石、蓝闪石、透闪石、阳起石、直闪石、水镁石等石棉特征,以及鉴别植物纤维、人造纤维、玻璃纤维、头发等其他纤维状物质。中国石棉矿区污染情况严重,陈旧与新建的各类建筑物中石棉的潜在危害性是一个不容忽视的重要环境问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are serious environmental problems from Asbestos in the buildings and their surroundings in the world today. The harmfulness of asbestos fibers has been revealed and confirmed by more and more evidences from statistics, pthological investigstion sand animal experimens. Particularly, the asbestos-related tung cancers, mesothelioma and pleural Plaques are deeply conceerned in numberous countries. The mothods of sterereomicroscope, polarized light and electron microscopes are effective to determine and quantify various types of asbestos including crysotile, amosite, erecidolite, tremolite, actinolite, anthophyllite and brucite. which exist in the building materials and surrounding air and water. The morphology, structures, colors, refractive indeces, birefringence, sign of elongation, electron diffraction and other aspects of asbestos are distinctive from those of cellulose, synthetic fibers, glass fibers or hairs. There are asbestos-pollutcd atmosphere and water within the operating asbestos mines and related factories in China. The potential hazards of asbestos in cither the old or new-constructed buildings are also a grave environmental issue in China, which should be taken seriously.更多还原