【摘要】 本文报道了1989—1991年上海市环境（包括大气、水体、土壤和生物）中⁹⁰Sr、¹³¹Cs 和³H 放射性水平调查的方法和主要结果。本次调查在市区和郊县共设11个点,采集气溶胶样品;以黄浦江为重点对各类水体（长江上海段、苏州河、宝钢水库、淀山湖及自来水）共设15个调查点,采集枯、丰两水期水样45个;在全市范围内按20 km×10 km 网格布设陆地土壤调查点32个,并在长江、黄浦江及其支流淀山湖水体调查断面处采集河底泥样品10个。与沉降物调查点同位采集生物样品（大米、青菜、牛奶、羊肉及鱼等）;测量项目为⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs 和总β放射性浓度或含量;对于水体,还测量了³H 浓度;对于气溶胶,所测总β放射性浓度为长寿命核素。调查结果表明,上海市环境中⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs 和³H 放射性均属正常本底;由饮食摄入⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs 和³H 所致的人均年有效剂量为1μSv,由土壤中¹³⁷Cs 外照射引起的居民人均年有效剂量为0.92μSv,分别为全国天然贯穿辐射所致我国居民人均年有效剂量的0.12%和0.11%。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper reports the results and methods for investigation of environmental arti-ficial radioactivity level in shanghai from 1989—1991.In 11 selected areas of the city and itssuburbs,^9OSr,¹³⁷Cs and long life gross β-activity concentrations in airasol were investigated.15 sample sites in various waters were laid out and 45 water samples were collected in wetand dry seasons for the investigation of ⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs,³H and gross β-activity.In order to inves-tigate the activity contents of ⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs and gross β in soil and sediment,32 soil samples and10 sediment samples were respectively collected from the sites in uniformly distributed net-works of size 20 km×10 km and from the bottom of the rivers in shanghai.At the same lo-cations as previously used in deposition,the concentration of ⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs and gross β-activityin rice,cabbage,fish,lamb,milk Were also investigated. The results show that the environmental artificial radioactivity level in Shanghai is thesame as that in normal background areas.The annual individual effective dose were estimat-ed to be 1 μSv resulted from ⁹⁰Sr,^<sup>137Cs,³H in foods and drinking water and 0.92μSv from¹³⁷Cs in soil.They were 0.12% and 0.11% of that from natural penetrating radiation,re-spectively.更多还原