【摘要】 本文描述了一个预测林冠总截留损失的统计模型.该模型从冠层的水分平衡方程出发,对冠层的截留蒸发过程进行了分析.模型所包含的参数有:林分郁闭度及林冠饱和蓄水容量等林冠参数,降雨量及截留水蒸发系数(截留水蒸发强度与降雨强度的比率)等降雨参数.这些参数均具有明确的物理学意义,而且易于确定.模拟的第一步是判断哪些降雨能使林冠完全湿润或不能使林冠完全湿润.在此基础上,分别提出了林冠对这两类不同降雨的截留模式.最后,根据华北地区(北京、河北隆化)油松人工林的观测资料对该模型进行了验证.结果表明,该模型具有较好的预报效果,预测与实测的截留损失之间的相对误差在-5.54%～1.24%之内.更多还原

【Abstract】 A one-dimensional model for predicting rainfall interception by forest canopies is described. It consists of four parameters which own definite physical meanings and can be determinated conveniently: crown density, canopy water storage capacity, precipitation, evaporation coefficient of intercepted rainfall (i.e. the ratio of the evaporation rate of intercepted rainfall and the rainfall rate) . The model was tested by using hydrological data from Chinese pine forests in Beijing and Longhua county of Hebei province. The result indicates that it runs well in this areas, with the relative errors less than 6.0%.更多还原