【摘要】 基于联合国粮农组织(FAO)及环境计划署(UNEP)颁布的《森林基因资源保存方法学》(Roche,L.主编)和联合国一些资源保存专家所发表的文章精神,进行了我国珍贵乡土造林树种毛白杨的优树资源保存,以保存种类中的选择保存(Selective Conservation)和异境保存(Conservation ex Situ)相结合的方式,组织10省协作组来完成这一任务.具体方法是:从毛白杨分布区100万km2土地上,组织力量用统一的方案选择不同类型优树1 047株,从每株树上挖根和采花枝,分部位取样,分部位保存.挖根在于获得幼年性一致性材料,去建根萌苗档案库用于无性系测定和无性系造林;采花枝在于获得成年性材料,去建花枝标本园以获得自由授粉和人工杂交种子,以进一步改良.今天1 047个无性系的根萌苗档案库和850个无性系的花枝标本园已经建成,占地70亩.原来在100万km3土地上分布的1 047株优树资源,缩小在70亩方园之内,是我国毛白杨资源多样性的缩影.为了防止资源丢失,还进行了多点基因库保存,即除山东冠县外,还在山西、北京、河北等地.分别建立1 047个无性系的根萌菌档案库进行多点保存.并对毛白杨育种程序进行了研究.更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the Methodology of Forest Genetic Resources Conservation (Roche, L. ) issued by FAO/UNEP of United Nations and principles of some experts’ papers, the author collected and conserved the gene resources of Poplus tomentosa in term of selective conservation and conservation ex situ in China. The procedure is, from the natural distribution area (1 000 000 km2) of P. tomen- tosa, the author collected 1 047 different kinds of plus trees from ten provinces with same standard of selection;The root segments and flower branches were taken from each plus tree, and treated as follows. (1) the root segments were conserved to obtain juvenile and uniformity materials for establishing clonal archive for root suckers to be used for clonal tests and clonal afforestation, (2) the flower branches were used to obtain mature materials for establishing clonal arboretum of flower branches to produce seeds by open pollination and artificial hybridization for further genetic improvement . Today an orchard occupied 4. 7ha. has already been established, including the clonal archive of 1 047 clones and the flower branches arboretum of 850 clones. It is a miniature (epitome) of great diversity of P. tomeniosa distributed in 1,000,000 km2 from which it is easy to observe and compare their differences in morphology, phenology and growth characteristics. To prevent the loss of genetic resources, mutiple-site gene banks were established. The same clonal archive of 1 047 clones were established also in Shanxi, Beijing and Hebei Provinces. A summary of conservation was published in Proceedings of 18th International Poplar Commission, Beijing, China, 1988. KEY WORDS Populus tomentosa, tree breeding, conservation of forest gene resources, selection, gene pool, breeding procedure更多还原