【摘要】 为获得中国食品和水中天然放射性核素水平的本底资料,卫生部组织了全国各省、自治区、直辖市放射卫生防护机构完成了全国范围的各种食品和水源水的采样和分析测量工作。食品中天然放射性核素的平均比活度U为（2.2～25.5）×10^-2Bq/kg。Th为（0.5～6.9）×10^-2Bq/kg、²²⁶Ra为（3.4～25.5）×10^-2Bq/kg、⁴⁰K为（25～420）×10^-2Bq/kg、²¹⁰Pb为（3.9～55）×10^-2Bq/kg、（210）Po为（2.7～58）×10^-2Bq/kg。饮水以自来水和井水为主,水中U的平均浓度分别为2.8×10^-2和3.7×10^-2Bq/L,²²⁶Ra为0.8×10^-2和1.3×10^-2Bq/L,Th为0.07×10^-2和0.06×10^-2Bq/L,²¹⁰Pb为0.3×10^-2和1.1×10^-2Bq/L、²¹⁰Po为0.3和0.5Bq/L。对天然放射性核素经消化道进入人体内六种主要天然放射性核素的年摄入量估计为205Bq,其中通过饮水U的摄入量占总U摄入量的64％,粮食对²²⁶Ra、²¹⁰Pb、²¹⁰Po的摄入量分别为55.7％、59.7％和70％。估计的对中国成年男人6种主要天然放射性核素所致的人均年有效剂量当量总和为310μSv。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to obtain background radiation levels of natural radionuclides in foods and waters in China, the determination and analysis of water and food samples have been completed by organizations of radiological protection from 28 provinces, autonomous regions and three major cities. Ranges of specific activity of natural radionuclides for U, Th, Ra, K, Pb and Po are (2. 2-25. 5) X 10-2 Bq/kg, (0. 5-6. 9)Xl0-2Bq/kg, (3- 4-25. 5) X l0-2Bq/kg, (25 - 420) X 10-2Bq/kg, (3. 9-55) X 10-2Bq/kg and (2. 7-58) X l0-2Bq/kg respectively. Samples of drinking water were taken from tap water or well. The average concentrations in tap water and well water are 2. 8X 10-2Bq/L and 3. 7 X 10-2Bq/L for U, 0. 8 X KT2Bq/L and 1. 3 X 10-2Bq/L for Ra, 0. 07 X 10-2Bq/L and 0. 06 X 10-2Bq/L for Th, 0. 3 X 10-2Bq/L and 1. 1 X 10-2Bq/L for Pb and 0. 3 Bq/L and 0. 5 Bq/L for Po respectively. The annual intakes by ingestion have been calculated. The annual intake of male adult from six main natural radionuclides is about 205 Bq. Among them 64% of total intake of U is from drinking water. The contributions from grains to the total intake of Ra, Pb and Po are 55. 7%, 59. 7% and 70% respectively. The total annual average effective dose equivalent of 6 natural radionuclides for male adult in China is about 310 uSv.更多还原