【摘要】 1986—1988年在田间种植7个籽粒蛋白质含量不同的冬小麦品种,于开花、开花后10天、20天和收获各生育期测定茎、叶、穗、粒各部位的氮素含量,旗叶硝酸还原酶活性(NRA),30厘米耕层内的根干重和根活力。结果表明,开花到开花后10天的根干重、根活力、旗叶 NRA 和旗叶叶氮量(N/LA)都继续上升,并维持较高水平;开花后地上部氮同化量、茎叶氮输出量和成熟期总氮积累量多,以及碳、氮收获指数(HI、NHI)高,对籽粒增氮有重要作用;开花后地上部氮同化量、茎叶氮输出量、成熟期总氮积累量和 NHI,彼此之间呈显著正相关并且都与籽粒重和籽粒含氮量呈极显著正相关;旗叶叶氮量除与籽粒蛋白质含量不相关外,与所有其它性状都呈显著和极显著正相关。根据以上情况初步提出了高产、高蛋白冬小麦品种应具有开花后根量较多、根活力较强、旗叶硝酸还原酶活性和叶氮量能维持较高水平且衰退缓慢,开花后地上部氮同化量、茎叶氮输出量和收获期总氮积累量多,氮素向籽粒分配的效率高等生理特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 7 winter wheat varieties with different grain protein content were grown in thefield in 1986,1987 and 1988.The N content of the leaf,stem,ear and grain,theNRA activity in the main flag leaf of shoot,the dry weight and the activity of rootsdistributed in the cultivated layer up to 30cm deep were measured at various develop-ment stages(anthesis,10 days and 20 days after anthesis and maturity).The resultsindicated that the dry weight and the activity of root,NRA and N/LA increasedcontinuously and were maintained at high levels from anthesis to 10 days afteranthesis.Large amount of the total N assimilated after anthesis,the N output fromleaf and culm,the total N accumulation in plant at maturity as well as high HI andNHI were important for grain N accumulation.The N assimilation of shoot and Noutput from leaf and culm after anthesis,the total N accumulation at maturity andNHI were positively correlated with each other and all of them were significantly andpositively correlated with grain weight and grain N content per plant.The N/LAin the flag leaf of the main shoot was correlated significantly with all parameters ex-cept grain protein content.The authors suggested that varieties with higher yield andhigher protein content should have larger quantity of root,higher root activity,higherlevel NRA in the flag leaf of the main shoot and higher level of N/LA which de-clined slowly after anthesis.In addition,they should also have higher total N assimila-tion in shoot and more N output from leaf and culm,more N accumulation at maturi-ty and higher efficiency in transfering N to grain.更多还原