【摘要】 本试验对9个二棱大麦（Hordeum distichum L.）品种所组成的9×9半双列杂交F₁的8个冠层形态性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明,供试亲本中,各性状存在着广泛的遗传变异。旗叶的叶宽、基角、开张角和颈粗主要受加性基因控制;旗叶的叶长、叶面积,穗下节长、节粗受加性基因和显性基因共同控制。其中,穗下节长的显性基因作用大于加性基因作用（H₁>D）;穗下节长表现为超显性,其余性状都为不完全显性;在9个亲本中,旗叶叶宽的显性基因起增值作用,其余性状显性基因作用方向不一致。各性状的狭义遗传力均较高（72.46％-88.48％）。穗下节长、节粗、颈粗与主穗粒重、粒数、单粒重均呈极显著正相关;旗叶叶长、叶面积与主穗粒重和单粒重呈极显著正相关;旗叶基角、开张角仅与主穗粒数呈极显著正相关;旗叶叶宽与所分析的三个产量性状均无显著相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Half-diallel crosses of 9 parents in two-rowed barley （Hordeum disti- chum L.） was analysed for genetic effect of main canopy morphological traits. The genetic variations of all traits evaluated were significant. Flag-leaf width, flag-leaf basal angle, flag-leaf open angle and neck diameter were mainly controlled by additive genes. Both additive and dominant genes affected flag-leaf length, flag-leaf area, peduncle length and peduncle diameter, but the actions of additive genes were more important than those of dominant ones except on peduncle length. The estimates of （H₁/D）^1/2 suggested that there were superdominance in peduncle length and partial dominance in other traits. Among 9 parents, the dominance genes for flag-leaf width showed positive effects, while those for other traits showed ambidirectional ones. All traits studied had higher heritabilities in narrow sense （72.46%-88.48%） which were arranged in the descending order as follows: flag-leaf width, flag-leaf open angle, neck diameter, flag-leaf length, flag-leaf area, flag-leaf basal angle, pe- duncle diameter and peduncle length. The peduncle length, peduncle diameter and neck diameter had. highly positive correlation with main spike grain yield, main spike kernels and grain weight. The po- sitive correlation coefficients between flag-leaf length, flag-leaf area and main spike grain yield, grain weight, and between flag-leaf basal angle, flag-leaf open angle and main spike kernels were highly significant too. But no marked correlation occurred between flag-leaf width and three traits of main spike.更多还原