【摘要】 石膏制动作为骨科治疗中的一个重要措施,广泛应用于临床。但制动可以导致骨的丧失。本文对12只成年家兔左侧肢体从后肢自腹股沟至踝关节,作膝关节屈曲30°石膏管型固定。以对侧肢体作正常对照组。施以标准化饲养喂养,在笼中可以自由活动。经7周后,12只动物一次性处死。取其双侧胫骨,第二跖骨,剔除周围的软组织。运用SPA—Ⅲ骨矿分析仪对双侧胫骨宽度（BW）,骨矿物质含量（BMC）骨面密度（BMC/BW）测定,并对双侧第二跖骨骨体积,骨长度,骨皮质厚度（BC1,BC2）,BMC及BMC/BW进行测定六次,取平均值。结果表明,胫骨中段BMC及BMC/BW制动组与正常对照组比较有显著性差异（P<0.001）;在胫骨中下1/3处BMC和BMC/BW中,两组间亦有差异（P<0.05）。对第二跖骨骨长度及骨体积测量,制动组比对照组增长且体积增大,两者之间有显著性差异（P<0.001）,而骨宽度两组之间无差异（P>0.05）;骨皮质BC1,BC2两组间比较有显著性差异（P<0.01）;BMC和BMC/BW,两组间亦有差异（P<0.05,0.01）。从结果可看出,超关节石膏固定,可使局部骨矿物质含量下降,骨内脱钙比较明显。在肢体远端,由于静脉淤滞,PH降低,骨内压增高,骨组织处在缺氧情况下,刺激了骨膜成骨,促进骨生长,可见到骨体积长度增大,骨皮质增厚,另外,局部CO₂增高,可以直接做为成骨细胞调节基因的诱异物,促进骨生长,再加之跖骨及趾骨在石膏外可做一定程度的运动,这些都可以促进骨钙沉积,骨矿质增高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Immobilization is a effective treatment method in orthopedics and trauma. Athough used widely, it could cause lofs of bone. Twelve mature rabbits of mixed sex weighting from 2.8 to 3 Kg were used in the experiment. The left hind limb cast in a cylindrial extending from just below the inguinal region to the ankle with the knee flexed at a 30 degree angle, the right hind limb of the same rabbit served as a control. The rabbits could move freely in the trunk. After 7 weeks, all rabbits were sacrificed. Bilateral tibia and the second metatarsus were moved out and rejected all connective tissue. Bone mineral content（BMC）and bone density（BMC/BW）of bilateral tibia were measured with SPA—Ⅲ bone mineral analysis instrument. BMC, BMC/BW, bone cortical width （BC1, BC2）, bone length and volume of the bilateral second metatarsus were measured. The results show that BMC and BMC/BW in middle tibia and significant difference （P<0.01） comparing experiment group with control one and there was difference （P<0.05） in one—third lower tibia between two groups. The length and volume of the Second metatarsus have difference（P<0.05, 0.01 respect—ively）, and it not there difference（P>0.05）in bone width. There were difference （P<0.05, 0.01） in BC1, BC2 and BMC/BW. It is concluded that immlbilization could cause loss of bone mass and decreased of BMC, and lower O₂ and active muscles exercise of metatarsophalangeal joint could prevent loss of bone mass.更多还原