【摘要】 股骨头至股骨距和股骨颈内侧皮质,为股骨上端内侧重力支持系统。通过股骨上部纵横断面观察和对股骨距的微观观察,测得股骨距的长度、位置、走行和毗邻关系,证明股骨距为三棱柱状密质骨板,自内侧骨皮质伸向髓腔。X线研究获得显示股骨距的最佳方位,对股骨距上段用侧位投射;股骨距下段需将股骨外旋45°(行前后位投射)。力学实验证明,剔除股骨距的扭转强度约降低40～50％;压缩强度降低20％左右。在施行股骨上端置换手术时,为避免损伤股骨距,应保留小转子上方1.0～1.5cm段的骨质。更多还原

【Abstract】 The head of femur up to the inner cortex of the femoral neck as well as the femoral calcar constitute the gravity-supporting system of the inner side of the upper end of the femur. The length, location, direction and relationship with contiguous bones were measured by means of observation of vertical and horizontal sections and microstructures of the femur. It was believed that the femoral calcar is a triangular prism structure consisting of impact bone plates spreading from inner bone cortex to medullary cavity. The best positions for displaying the femoral calcar were found by reontgenological studies, i.e. the upper segments of the femur should be projected laterally, but the lower segments by rotating the femur outward to 45° (anteroposterior projection). Mechanical tests suggested that the rotation intensity of the femur after removing its calcar was reduced by 40-50％, and the compression intensity by about 20％. In replacement of the femoral upper end the bony tissue 1.0-1.5 cm above the lesser trochanter should be preserved in order to avoid any damage to the femoral calcar. Also, femoral calcar was not present in 24 femur of fetus.更多还原