【摘要】 本文主要介绍了1988年寿光县对虾养殖期间(5～9月)水环境和底泥环境中微生物种群的变化。据不同的地理位置,选择不同的养殖虾池;分别将水样和底泥环境中的弧菌、异养菌,及硫酸盐还原菌进行培养、分离计数。据对虾养殖期5个月的数据分析,不同的养殖虾池有不同的菌数波动范围。底泥与水环境中的菌数分布各有不同。异养菌在水样中的分布最高值为736×10~2个/ml,最低值为268.1×10~2个/ml;湿泥样中的最高值为372.7×10~4个/g最低值为125.9×10~4个/g。弧菌在水样中的最高值为12.33×10~2个/ml,最低值为0.5×10~4个/ml。据综合资料分析,对虾养殖池中的各种细菌分布,底泥高于水样,高温季节高于低温季节。底泥和水环境中有机物的含量与细菌数的分布成正比。底泥中硫酸盐还原菌的数量,是底泥环境中有机物污染程度的标志之一。根据硫酸盐还原菌的数量分布,可以有效地控制有机质(如对虾饵料)的投放量等。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper presents mainly the counting of microbes in water and sediments during the culturing period (May-September) of Penaeus orientaIis in Shouguang County in 1988. According to different localities, different culturing ponds were selected to culture, isolate and count the vibrio, heterotrophic and sulfate-reducing bacteria collected from water and sediments respectively. On the basis of analysis of the data during a 5-month culturing period of P. orientalis, it was found that there were different fluctuation range of the quantity of microbes in different culturing ponds and different distribution of the quantity of microbes in water and sediments. In water samples, the maximum for the number of heterotrophic bacteris was 736×10~2/ml, the minimum 268.1 ×10~2/ml; in wet mud samples, the maximum was 372.7×10~4/g and the minimum 125.9×10~4/g. For the vibrio in water samples, the maximum was 12.33 ×10~2/ml, the minimum 0.5×10~4/ml. Based on the analysis of comprehensive data, it was found that the quantities of the above-mentioned three types of bacteria in sediments were all higher than those in water, that those found during high-temperature season were higher than those during low-temperature season and that the contents of organic matter in water and sediments varied directly as the number of microbes.The quantity of sulfate- reducing bacteria in sediments is one of the indicators for the degree of organic pollution in sedimentary environment. On the basis of the quantitative distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria, the quantity of administration of organic matter, (i.e. the diet of P. orientalis) can be effectively controlled, thus providing an important environmental reference factor during the culture of P. orientalis.更多还原