【摘要】 以小麦为母本与大麦杂交,通过幼胚培养,获得小大麦属间杂种。杂种自交不育。以中国春和昌农82小麦的混合花粉给杂种授粉,得到回交一代（BC₁F₁）,结实率为4.35％。以78380—1和密穗早小麦的混合花粉及小偃107分别与 BC₁F₁回交,获得回交二代（BC₂F₁）,结实率为45.45％和31.25％。F₁体细胞染色体数为非整倍体,其变幅从18到27条之间,以2n=2l条较多。花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ单价体细胞为37.0％,1—4个不等二价体细胞为63.0％。F₁形态类似普通小麦。回交后代表型多为亲本中间型,也有少数超亲现象。在BC₂F₄代中,整倍体细胞（2n=42）占大多数（80.83％）,染色体构型比较复杂,主要有21Ⅲ,20Ⅲ+2 Ⅰ和19Ⅲ十4 Ⅰ三种,以21Ⅲ的细胞较多（75.03％）。从分离后代中选育出单体（21Ⅲ+1 Ⅰ）和二体（22Ⅲ）异附加系及具突出性状的新类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Intergenous F₁ Hybrids between common wheat and cultivated barley were successfully obtained by means of immature embryo cul- ture.The hybrids were self-sterile.In the back cross,mixed pollen of Chinese Spring and Changnong 82 was used to pollinate the hybrids and the BC₁F₁ was obtained as a result.The seed set was 4.35%.Us- ing mixed potlens of 78380-1 and Misuizao,and the pollen of xiao- yah 107 to pollinate BC₁F₁ separately,the BC₂F₁ was produced. The seed set was 45.45% and 31.25% respectively.Somatic chromo- some numbers of F₁ plant were aneuploid.They varied from 18 to 27 and 2n=21 in most cases.In the MI of PMC,univalent cells were 37.0% and bivalent cells ranging 1-4.were 63.0%.F₁ plant were similar to commou wheat in morphological characters.The phenotype of backcrossed progenies was intermediate to their parent,with a few showing overparent appearance.In progenies of BC₂F₄,the euploid cell（2n=42）dominated.The chromosome configuration was compli- cated,but there were three major kinds of them,21Ⅱ, 20Ⅱ+2Ⅰ and 19Ⅱ+4Ⅰwith most cells being 21Ⅱ.Monosomic and disomic addition lines were selected from separate progenies including new ty- pes which have useful agronomical characters.更多还原