【摘要】 通过8a生16个种源13个参试点9类53个性状的系统研究,将兴安落叶松的适生范围划分了3个造林生态相似区:即大兴安岭西北部低湿、低温、低产区(包括满归、库都尔和莫尔道嘎);大小兴安岭中湿、中温、过渡区(包括甘河、加格达奇、黑河三站和北安);小兴安岭及张广才岭完达山高湿、高温、速生区(包括凉水、帽儿山、错海、石河、桦南和东方红)。以各造林生态区内代表试点为据,揭示了兴安落叶松主要性状的地理变异规律与模式。其主要特点是:变异性状多、内容丰富广泛、遗传性变异大,以经向变异为主,纬向变异为辅,属经纬双重连续渐变型。经向偏东、纬向偏南的种源项芽萌动晚、封顶迟、年生长期长、枝粗叶茂、苗期心止率低、季节生长量均匀、高径生长量大,特别是生长性状已形成了明显的南北东西的梯度变异。体现了由西—东、由北—南、干—湿、冷—暖气候生态模式的渐变。水热因子的综合作用是兴安落叶松产生变异的主要因素。在大兴安岭北部,种源子代的变异突出了种源与试点的互作,以当地和小兴安岭西北部种源表现较好。因此,在全分布区范围内适当由南向北调拔种子,将获得较大的增产效益。在种源的遗传分化中,以生长性状的分化最为明显,可作为种源选择和区划种源的主要依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through systematic study on nine kinds, fifty-three characteristics of Larix Gmelinii from sixteen provenances and thirteen experiment plantation, three ecological forestation regions have been made in the growth range of Larix Gmelinii; They are the low productive regions with lower temperature and humidity in northeast part of the Great Xingan Mountains (including Manguo, Kudur and Merdaoga): the transition region with middle temperature and humidity at the Great Xingan Mountains and the Les- ser Xingan Mountains (including Ganhe, Jiagedaqi, Heihesanzhan and Beian): the fast-growth region with higher temperature and Humidity at the Lesser Xingan, Zhangguangcai Range and Wanda Mountains (including Liangshui, Maor cuohai, shihe, Huanan and Dongfanghong). On the Basis of data from the representative experiment plantation in each ecological forestry region, the geographic variation rules and patterns of the main characteristics of Larix Gmelinii have been revealed. Regarding the longitute variation as domenant and latitude variation as complement, it is a dual continuous and clime type with more variation characteristics, rich and extensive content as well as quite variable genetic variation. The provenances from the longitude by east and latitude by south generally have later top bud sprouting and crown closing, longer annual growth period, luxuriant leave and branches, lower rate of seedling damp off, even seasonal increase, higher herght and diameter increase; particularly in which the growth has formed. The climatic ecological pattern of the general west-east, north-south, dry-moist and cold-warm clime trends have come out. The synthetical interaction of water-heat factors is a major factor to produce the variation of Larix Gmelinii. The progeny variation of the provecance and experiment plantation in north part of the Great Xingan Mountains where the provenances from local and northeast part of the Lesser Xingan Mountain grow better. Therefore, to allot the seeds from south to north in the species entire range will get higher productive gain. There exists the obvious differentiation of the growth characteristics which may be taken for the main basis of the provenance selection and division.更多还原