【摘要】 根据‘印度农业史’的纪述,印度种稻的历史是晚于中国的。该书引用印度稻谷考古学纪录计36处,其中最早的一处是公元前2300年的。与中国比较,中国史前出土稻谷40处,有2处是距今7000年的,3处距今6000年的,7处距今5000年的,21处距今4000年的,7处距今3000年的。印度最古老的文字记载是梵文经典(Vedas),我国称之为吠陀经。梵文是雅利安人(Aryans)的文字。吠陀经大概是在公元前1000年缩成的。在最古老的吠陀经里并没有提到水稻。与中国比较,中国神农氏教民稼穡,稻为五谷之一,距今约为5000年,是早于印度的。1886年 DeCandolle 说到中国种稻的历史早于印度,他说:“栽培稻可能原出亚洲南部的中国直到盂加拉之间,因为在中国与印度之间,各民族对稻的称呼都是单音节的。”再者,中国有普通野生稻分布。中国栽培稻种的变异非常丰富多采,中国的栽培稻种质资源是多于印度的。由以上各方面所见,中国的栽培稻种不是来自印度。Vavilov 把中国列为栽培稻的次级起源中心,那是不确切的。栽培稻是中国的原产作物。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the descriptions in“A History of Agriculture in India”by Randhawa,M.S.(1980),it is clear that the history of rice cultivation in India is later than that inChina.Randhawa reviewed the archaeobotanical records of rice in 36 places in India.Among them,the earlist one where rice has been cultivated goes back to 2300 B.C..As forChina there are 40 places of prehistoric archaeobotanical records of rice cultivation,ofthem 2 places can be traced back to 7000 B.P.,3 places to 6000 B.P.,7 places to 5000 B.P.,21 places to 4000 B.P.,and 7 places to 3000 B.P..So it is obivious that the archaeo-botanical records of rice cultivation in China is more ancient than that in India.The mostancient literature of India is the Vedas,which was compiled by Aryans in about 1000 B.C.but rice is not mentioned in the early Vedic literatures.In regard to China the history ofrice cultivation has been 5000 years as mentioned by numerous Chinese ancient literatures.It is meaningful to review the viewpoint of De Candolle(1886)and Vavilov(1949/1950) on the origin of cultivated rice.De Candolle proposed that China was aprobable country where rice was originally cultivated.He said:“When I said the cultiva-tion of rice in India was probablly more recent than in China,I did not mean that theplant was not wild there(India).Rice existed perhaps before all cultivation in SouthernAsia from China to Bengel as shown by the variety of names in the monosyllabic lan-guages of the races between India and China.”On the other hand,Vavilov proposed thatIndia is the native country on the origin of cultivated rice,and China with other Asianrice regions are the sceondary center.His words were based upon the distribution of com-mon wild rice and the abundance of cultivated rice varieties in India.It seems thatVavilov did not know about the geographic destribution of common wild rice in southernChina.Moreoves,rice varieties are much more numerous in China than those in India.Based upon the above-mentioned facts,the auther of this paper concludes that theChinese rice was originally developed in China,and was not introduced from India.更多还原