【摘要】 实验观察了重质渣油-异丁烷馏分体系在溶剂临界区域的相行为,并对各种温度、压力及系统组成下的体系的相特性进行了分析和讨论.认为重质渣油-异丁烷馏分体系与Scott 和Van Ko-nynenburg 分类的简单二元系的第Ⅲ类相图有相似的相特性,在轻组分的临界温度附近,体系有一个液-液-汽三相共存在,当温度远离溶剂的临界温度,体系中无第三相出现.利用相图讨论了温度、压力、溶剂比等操作条件对渣油超临界溶剂萃取过程的影响.在萃取过程中,必须有适宜的溶剂比。溶剂比太低,体系中轻相体积分率过小,难于稳定操作。较大的溶剂比有利于提高抽出率和稳定操作.但是,当溶剂比达到一定程度后,溶剂的增加对萃取过程影响减弱.更多还原

【Abstract】 The phase behavior of petroleum residuum-isobutane fraction system inthe critical region of solvent was observed.Based on experimental data andphenomena observed,the phase characteristics of the system at various exper-imental conditions is discussed.This kind of system possesses the phase char-acteristics similar to that of the type-Ⅲ phase diagram of binary mixturesystem classified by Scott and Van Konynenburg.There exsits a L-L-V threephase region near tile critical temperature of solvent,but not at higher temper-ature far above the critical temperature of the solvent.The effect of operating conditions,such as temperature,pressure,andratio of solvent to oil on separation is presented.The solubility of residuumin the supercritical solvent is mainly dependent on the molecular weight ofthe residuum.A certain solvent ratio is necessary for increaseing the yield ofextracted product and for smooth opelation of extraction.更多还原