【摘要】 在恒定溶液总离子强度I=1.00mol·kg^-1, 改变异丙醇在混合溶剂中的摩尔分数x=0.025、0.075和0.100条件下,测定了无液接界电池（A）和电池（B）的电动势。 Pt,H₂（1.013×10⁵Pa）|HCl（m）,i-PrOH（x）,H₂O（1-x）|AgCl-Ag （A） Pt,H₂（1.013×10⁵Pa）|HCl（m_A）,NaCl（m_B）,i-PrOH（x）,H₂O（1-x）|AgCl-Ag（B） 根据电池（A）的电动势,确定混合溶剂中Ag-AgCl电极的标准电极电势,讨论了HCl的迁移性质。利用电池（B）的电动势,确定HCl活度系数γ_A。结果表明,在恒定I为1.00mol·kg^-1时,HCl的活度系数仍然服从Harned规则。在恒定溶液组成时,lgγ_A对热力学温度的倒数1/T作图,具有良好直线关系。进一步讨论了混合物中HCl的相对偏摩尔焓和HCl的溶剂化数及介质效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 The termodynamic properties of HCl--NaCl--i-PrOH--H₂O system was studied bymeans of emf measurements of the cells without liquid junction. Pt, H₂（1.013×10⁵Pa）|HCl（m）, i-PrOH（x）, H₂O（1-x）|AgCl-Ag （A） Pt, H₂（1.013×10⁵Pa）|HCl（m_A）, NaCl（m_B）, i-PrOH（x）, H₂O （1-x）|AgCl-Ag （B）at the molar fraction of i-PrOH x=0. 025, 0. 075 and 0. 100 in the mixed solvent, from 5to 45℃ for cell （B） at constant total ionic strength I=1.00 mol. kg^-1. The standardelectrode potential of Ag-AgCl in the mixed solvent have been determined from cell（A）. The activity coefficients of HCl, γ_A in the system have been determined from cell（B）. The results show that HCl still obeyes Harned Rule, logarithm of HCl activitycoefficient, lg γ_A is a linear function for reciprocal of the absolute temperatures atconstant components of mixture. Relative molar enthalpies of HCl, L_A are linearfunction to the ionic strength fraction of NaCl at constant total ionic strength andtemperature. Finally, the primary, secondary and total medium effect of HCl have beencalculated and discussed.更多还原