【摘要】 渍水（种子上3cm水层）条件下,萌动种子活力的受害程度、临界时间与温度有关,相对高温下,种子受害加速,受害临界时间也提前。大豆生育的不同阶段根际渍水,产量均有大幅度下降。供试22个大豆品种（品系）在V₃、R₁、R₃和R₅期开始渍水15天的平均结果,分别减产35.1、40.2、38.3和36.9％。营养生长阶段渍水,株高下降、茎重减少,健壮“骨架”形成受阻造成单株粒数减少。开花期渍水,大量落花和成荚率减少影响单株粒数。结荚阶段渍水,因大量落荚,而影响单株粒数。鼓粒期渍水,一是开始鼓粒的种子因停止其发育而造成秕粒,二是鼓粒旺期的种子生长受阻而百粒重严重下降。总之,V₃、R₁、R₃和R₅期开始渍水的处理,减产均与其单株粒数的减少呈显著正相关。相关系数（r）分别为0.957、0.935、0.930和0.480。渍水还造成大豆对根际缺氧环境的适应性变化:如水中茎的增粗、大量增生气生根。随着气生根的生长发育,地上部,尤其是叶色逐渐有所恢复。大豆萌动种子受害临界及生育期根际渍水,对产量的胁迫存在着显著的品种间差异。品种内时间不同生育期的耐渍水性也不一致,这就给选育耐渍水大豆材料提供了成功的可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 To evaluat the effect of water-logged condition on seed vitality and plant growth of soybean, the following experiments were conducted: (l)Soybean seeds of 22 varieties were soaked in water for 6 days, water depth was 4cm over seeds; (2) Rhizosphere excess water environments from V3, R1, R3, and R5 growing stage were established for 15 days in the pot with soil. The water level reached the truelesves.Results from experiments suggested; (1) There was the relationship between the injury degree of seed vitality and critical injury time. Injury degree speeded up and its critical time moved up under the condition of relative high temperiture. And there were varietal differences on the injury degree of seed vitality. (2) The mean yield of 22 varieties treated on in V3, R1, R3 and R5 decreased by the average of 35.1,40.2, 38.3 and 36.9%, respectively. At the vegetative stage (V3), the direct effect of injury by excess water was the vegetative orgens, but formations of yield components were affected by the reduced vegetation (reel- uced number of seeds by 38.8%). At flowering stage (R1), a great number of flowers shed caused, pods and seeds to reduce by 54.7 and 52.6%, respectively. At pod setting stage (R3), pods shed by 42.4%, and for that reason, seeds reduced by 45%. At seed filling stage (R5), a number of seeds reduced by 35.7% besides the weight of 100-seed reduced by 12.8%. Abortive seeds produced in pods the seeds just began to fill as result of excess water. In brief, there was relationship between percentage of soybean yield reduction and reduced rate of seeds. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.957, 0.935, 0.930 and 0.480 at V3, R1, R3 and R5, respectively. There also appeared to be varietal differences on the reduced yield percentage under rhizosphere water-logged condition. And tolerance to the water-logged condition was not completely identical on different growing stages of the same variety. Besides above, the following adaptive variation to the environment of exessive water produced: stem in water thickened and loosened, and aerial roots growing out from stem under water. As soon as aerial roots grew out, the green colour of leaf recovered gradually.更多还原