【摘要】 涉及冰川气象研究的冰川周围地方气候的考察已于1983年7月5日至27日在中国天山乌鲁木齐河源进行。研究区域主要集中于1号冰川及其邻近地区。该区地方气候分为三种不同尺度的类型(山区动力热力性环流,山谷风环流和冰川局地环流)。与山区外低地相比较,近冰川地区的降水量表现出不同的年变化过程。在山区,夏季的高值降水量是由于强烈的坡地加热作用而引起的对流云旺盛发展所致。从而使地方性对流性降水在夏季降水总量中占优势而与喜马拉雅山南麓和南美巴塔哥尼亚冰原有所不同。冰川上和邻近地区的观测证实,由于上层西风频繁侵入,不仅使地方性山谷风的发展受到抑制,并导致白天时段的发生频率仅为50％,而且在冰川低温作用下减弱了冰川风产生的潜在能力,致使该地区没有明显的冰川风发生。 对比分析冰川与空冰斗处的气象条件(气温、风速和总辐射)发现,冰川和空冰斗中夏季7月份地方气候的差异并不能更好地解释该区山脊南北两侧冰川发育的不同。因此,山岭地带云形成的观测和对一年中其他季节内与热量平衡相联系的其他气象因素和条件的研究是必要的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In relation to the glacio-meteorological study of the gjaciers at the head of Urumqi River, Tianshan Mountains, China, local climate on and around the glaciers were investigated. The period of observation was July 5-27, 1983 and the area of study was mainly near the No. 1 Glacier. The local climate can be classified into three categories, that is the mountain scale, the valley scale and the glacier scale. The precipitation amount near the glacier showed different annual cycle compared with the nearby lowlands. High precipitation in summer at the mountain areas seem to occur due to the strong heating of the slopes resulting in development of convective clouds. Local mountain-valley wind circulation develops on only 50% of the days, meaning that there is quite frequent invasion of upper winds into the valley. No distinct glacier wind occurred on No. 1 Glacier. The surface meteorological conditions at glaciated cirque and nearby non-glaciated cirque did not show much difference. This difference in the summer local climate in the cirques can not explain the difference in the development of glaciers in the northern and southern side of the ridges in this area.更多还原